Renal Function Flashcards
What are the 6 major kidney functions?
Urine formation Maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance Regulation of acid base balance Excretion Endocrine Plasma protein conservation
What are the 3 processes of urine formation?
Glomerular filtration of blood
Tubular reabsorption of useful molecules
Tubular secretion of wastes or compounds or electrolytes present in excess of the bodys needs
What is GFR?
Glomerular filtration rate - the filtration rate of 130ml/min of blood
What is the function of the proximal convoluted tubule?
Tubular resabsorption - returns valuable substances to blood (water, salts, glucose, most amino acids)
Tubular secretion - secretes products of metabolism (salts of organic acids, hydrogen ions, ammonia)
What is the function of the loop of henle?
Aids in reabsorption of water, sodium, chloride
What is the function of the distal convoluted tubule?
Adjusts for electrolyte and acid-base balance homeostasis through control of ADH and aldosterone
Reabsorbs or secretes potassium (dependant on the bodys needs)
Stimulates sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in response to aldosterone
What hormone does the distal convoluted tubule respond to?
Aldosterone
What is the function of the collecting duct?
Final site for concentrating or diluting urine
What is the major extracellular cation?
Sodium (Na)
Na filtration is controlled by what hormone?
Aldosterone
What is the major intracellular cation?
Potassium (K)
K filtration is controlled by what hormone?
Aldosterone
Ca filtration is controlled by what hormone?
PTH
Magnesium balance is controlled by what hormone?
PTH
What are the compounds secreted by the kidney?
Urea
Creatinine
Uric acid
How is urea formed?
Part of protein metabolism - formed when the amino group from the amino acid is removed (demination)
What does the rate of urea production vary with?
Protein intake in diet, rate of protein synthesis
What is the rate of creatinine production relevant to?
Muscle mass (the more muscle mass, the more creatinine)
If renal disease is of rapid onset (hours or days) it is described as what?
Acute
If renal disease develops over a period or months or year it is describe as what?
Chronic
What are the 3 categories of acute kidney disease?
Pre-renal - decrease in renal blood flow
Renal - damage to structures within the kidney
Post-renal - obstruction of urine outflow
What is the condition where there is a decrease in the amount of urine excreted?
Oliguria
What is the condition where there is almost no urine produced?
Anuria
What do you see in chronic kidney disease?
Loss of excretory and glomerular function Water/electrolyte disbalance Metabolic acidosis Loss of endocrine function - anaemia Hypocalcemia/bone disease
