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Renal Histology PPT Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

Type 1 cortical interstitial cell

A

Resembles a fibroblast and has a stellate appearance with an irregularly shaped nucleus and well-developed rough and smooth ER
Appear to be involved in synthesis and secretion of erythropoietin

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2
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Excreted by interstitial cells

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3
Q

Type 2 cortical interstitial cell

A

Round with sparse cytoplasm and only a few cellular organelles seen

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4
Q

Type 1 medullary interstitial cells

A

Have prominent lipid-containing vesicles but do not express EPO mRNA - so main difference there and do not contain echo-5’-nucleotidase. Found in inner stripe of the outer medulla and are believed to synthesize prostaglandins in response to angiotensin

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5
Q

Type 2 medullary interstitial cell

A

Thought to have phagocytic properties and resembles a lymphocyte; present in outer medulla

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6
Q

Type 3 medullary interstitial cell

A

A pericyte that is located in the outer medulla and outer portion of the inner medulla; closely related to descending vasa recta

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7
Q

Lipid droplets

A

In type 1 medullary interstitial cell, consist mainly of triglycerides and cholesterol esters/phospholipids. Triglycerides are rich in unsaturated fatty acids including arachidonic acid

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8
Q

Prostate

A

Compound tubulo-alveolar gland

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9
Q

Lining of prostatic urethra

A

Transitional epithelium

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10
Q

Lining of membranous urethra

A

Pseudostratified to stratified columnar epithelium

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11
Q

Lining of penile urethra

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium except at distal end where it’s non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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12
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

Water-impermeable lining that rests on the lamina propria of the urinary system
In upper 2/3 of ureter, lamina propria is encircled by two layers of smooth muscle with innermost layer oriented longitudinally and outmost being circular

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13
Q

Aquaporin 2

A

Water channel located in the IMCD3 that is expressed in response to ADH. It is present on the apical membrane

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14
Q

AQP3 and AQP4

A

Expressed on basolateral membrane for exit of water after its been reabsorbed via AQP2 on apical membrane

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15
Q

Where is urea transported in inner medullary collecting duct?

A

In segments IMCD2 and IMCD3

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16
Q

UT-A1

A

Urea transporter expressed exclusively in IMCD3 on the apical membrane

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17
Q

UT-A2

A

Urea transporter expressed in the loop of Henle

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18
Q

OMCD principal cells

A

They also contain ENaC’s and Na-K ATPase but there is no evidence that they secrete potassium

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19
Q

Afferent pain fibers

A

Renal parenchyma does not contain these fibers which are parasympathetic derived - just innervated by sympathetic

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20
Q

Columns of Bertin

A

Where the inter lobar arteries enter the renal parenchyma

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21
Q

Interlobular arteries

A

Come from the arcuate arteries that then work to ascend in radial pattern to the capsule

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22
Q

Afferent arteriole

A

Come off of the interlobular arteries and give way to tufts of capillaries within the glomerulus that become the efferent arteriole upon exit

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23
Q

Compound tubular gland

A

Histologically, the kidney is this type of gland

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24
Q

Metanephric blastema

A

Nephrons develop from this

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25
Ureteric bud
Collecting tubules and ducts are NOT considered part of the nephron because they derive from this body of mesoderm
26
Glomerular basal lamina
Lies in between the podocytes and capillary epithelium and is made up of mesangial cells (derived from bone marrow)
27
Mesangial cells
Have phagocytic and contractile properties and thus their contractile properties are what take part in the sieving coefficient of glomerular filter to alter the capillary luminal caliber
28
Lamina rara interna
Radiolucent layer of the glomerular basal lamina
29
Lamina densa
Middle layer and most electron dense - it contains type IV collagen fibers
30
Lamina rara externa
Where pedicels of podocytes attach - this is the layer that contains a lot of heparin sulfur and polyanions to generate a repellant force against proteins
31
Alpha3-Beta1 integrin
What attaches the pedicels to glomerular basal lamina - specifically to the lamina rara externa of this structure
32
Nephrin 1
forms interdigitating filaments that make up the central core between two adjacent pedicels
33
Nephrin 2
Located on either side of the central core of nephrin 1
34
Podocin
Anchors filaments to pedicels
35
Nephrosis
Mutations of nephrite an lead to this disorder as well as CD2AP mutations
36
Polyanionic glycosaminoglycans
Endothelial cells of capillaries and podocytes have an anionic coat made up of these as well as glycoproteins to help with repelling filtration of negatively charged proteins
37
Nitric oxide
Synthesized by endothelial cells as a vasodilator
38
Endothelin
Synthesized by endothelial cells as a vasoconstrictor
39
VEGF
Produced by podocytes to help stimulate endothelial cell development and maintain fenestrations
40
Albumin
Basal lamina has pores that are just large enough to allow for passage of this protein at its size of 66-68 kD
41
Podocin
Anchors nephrite molecules through attachments to zonula occludes 1, CD2-associated protein, and F-actin
42
S3
Only segment of the proximal tubule which is not in the cortex - it begins at the junction of the outer and inner stripes of the medulla
43
Na-H antiport
Sodium is transported into proximal tubule cells via this transporter
44
Bicarbonate
Principal anion in S1 and S2 segments
45
Chloride
Principal anion in S2 and S3 segments
46
Megalin/cubulin
Receptors on luminal plasma membrane for filtered proteins to allow endocytosis of them
47
Organic anion transporters 1 and 3
Take up anions from the blood on basolateral side - only tubule segment to do this
48
Multi-drug resistance protein 2 and 4
Extrudes anions on apical side
49
Gamma glutamyltransferase/dehydropeptidase
Brush-border enzymes in tubular epithelium with greatest level of activity
50
Polycystin-1
Mediates cell to cell and cell-ECM attachments
51
Polycystin-2
Calcium permeable channel
52
1,25 - dihydroxyvitamin D
Generated exclusively in the proximal tubule cells via activity of enzyme 1-alpha hydroxylase
53
Intracellular glutathione
Only secreted by kidney in proximal tubule
54
Aquaporin 1
Descending thing limb of the loops of Henle is permeable to water due to increase expression of this protei
55
Medullary pars recta
Another name for th outer medullary thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle
56
Cortical pars recta
Name for the cortical ascending thick limb of the loop of Henle
57
Pars maculata
Located in the distal tubule - the macula densa
58
Pars convoluta
Distal convoluted tubules
59
Pars macula
JGA is made of this in the distal tubule
60
PTH receptors
Located on the basolateral membrane of the distal convoluted tubule to stimulate calcium absorption via the Na/Ca exchanger
61
Calbindin28k
Expressed in second half of the DCT
62
Ca-Mg ATPase
Expressed with more activity in the distal convoluted tubule than in any other segments
63
Alpha intercalated cells
Predominate over beta in the connecting tubule
64
Aldosterone
Connecting tubule cells are first to respond to aldosterone to induce potassium secretion; aldosterone acts on intranuclear receptors to induce increased gene transcription of ENaC's and Na-K ATPase
65
H+-ATPase
Expressed in alpha intercalated cells to lead to acid secretion
66
AE1
Located on basolateral membrane - Cl/HCO3 exchanger that promotes bicarb excretion
67
Hyperglycemia
Prolonged hyperglycemia can lead to glycosylation of the H+-ATPase making transporter dysfunctional and causing patients to be more prone to acidosis
68
Principal cells
Non-motile cilia thought to be important for mechanosensors of tubular flow

Renal (7 decks)

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