Renal Images Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
What is “g”?
A
medulla
(of corticomedullary junction)
2
Q
What are “c” and “d”?
A
d = arcuate artery
c = arcuate vein
3
Q
What is this (marked by arrow and bar)?
A
Medullary ray
4
Q
What is this? (hint: it has been cut in cross section)
A
medullary ray
5
Q
What is “a”?
A
interlobular artery
(note: it has been cut in cross section, but passes parallel to the nearby medullary ray)
6
Q
What are the two structures labeled with bars?
A
medullary rays
7
Q
What are these?
A
curpuscles
8
Q
What are “a” and “b”?
A
interlobular artery (a) and vein (b)
9
Q
What is a lobule?
(conceptual question)
A
all the cortex between cortex between interlobular arteries
it will have a medullary ray in its center, labyrinth on either side
10
Q
What is this?
A
urinary space of Bowerman’s capsule
11
Q
What is this?
A
corpuscle
12
Q
What are these flat cells?
A
parietal layer of bowman’s capsule
13
Q
What’s this?
A
glomerulus
(note: includes podocytes, mesangial cells, endothelial cells, possibly white cells)
14
Q
Conceptual: What does the renal corpuscle consist of?
A
bowman’s capsule and glomerulus
15
Q
What are these?
A
proximal convoluted tubules
(here, here, here and here)
16
Q
What is “e”?
A
distal tubule
17
Q
What is the red arrow? What is the green arrow?
A
red = proximal tubule (pyramidal, larger, more darkly stained, fewer nuclei)
green = distal tubule (shorter cells)
18
Q
What is “g”?
A
proximal tubule
19
Q
What are “a” and “b”?
A
a = interlobular artery
b = interlobular vein
20
Q
Which structure is the macula densa?
A
“d”
21
Q
What are the 2 structures noted “c”?
A
afferent arterioles
22
Q
What is “f”?
A
proximal convoluted tubule
23
Q
What is this structure? What is noted by the green arrow?
A
distal convoluted tubule
macula dense
24
Q
What is “a”?
A
afferent arteriole
25
What is this? How do you know?
vascular pole
afferent arteriole + **_macula densa_**
26
What is "c"?
origin of proximal convoluted tubule
27
What is this region?
urinary pole
28
What is the blue arrow?
What is the orange arrow?
urinary space
parietal cells
29
What is "d" (probably)?
podocyte (big nucleus in prime real estate to be bathed in glomerular filtrate)
30
These RBCs are contained within what structure?
peritubular plexus
31
What are these?
proximal convoluted tubules
32
What are the structures labeled "a"?
distal convoluted tubules
33
What is this?
macula densa
(remember: macula densa = vascular pole)
34
What is this?
collecting duct
35
What is this image?
medullary ray (at high power)
36
What type of cell is this?
cuboidal
37
What are these?
proximal straight tubules
(note: there are no convoluted tubules in the medullary rays)
38
What is this?
urinary pole of a renal corpuscle
39
How do you know this is a medullary ray?
the three parallel structures
40
What are the blue arrows? What is the purple arrow?
blue = proximal tubule
purple = distal tubule
41
What are these?
proximal tubules (in cortical labyrinth, proximal **convoluted** tubules)
42
What are these?
Ducts of bellini
43
What are these?
thin segments of loop of Henle
44
What are these?
thick segments of loop of henle
45
What are these?
Collecting ducts
46
What are these?
collecting ducts
47
What are these?
proximal tubules
48
What are these?
distal tubules
49
Red?
Green?
Blue?
R: Distal
G: Renal Corpuscle
B: Proximal
50
Green?
Red?
Blue?
G: thin tubules
R: Distal
B: Collecting duct
51
What is this?
(This is one of Herron's practice questions)
proximal convoluted tubule
52
Blue?
Yellow?
Green?
Orange?
Blue: Bowman's capsule
Yellow: proximal conv
Green: Distal conv
Orange: arteriole
53
What is this?
arcuate artery
54
Black?
Blue?
Orange?
Yellow?
Green?
Black, Blue, Yellow: Medullary ray
Orange: renal corpuscles
Green: cortical labyrinth
55
What is this region?
lobule
56
What kind of tissue?
medulla
57
Yellow?
Green?
Blue?
Yellow: interlobar arteries
Green: peritubular capillaries
Blue: glomeruli
58
Red?
Blue?
Orange?
Red: afferent arterioles
Blue: efferent arterioles
Orange: podocytes (?)
59
What is this region (blue)?
What is this (yellow)?
lobule
interlobar vessel
60
What disease?
1 = normal
2 = diabetes
61
What is "ep"?
| (What kind of epithelium?)
ureter, transitional epithelium
62
FYI:
63
Yellow arrow?
Orange arrow?
What is this whole region (white)?
Y: Lamina rara externa- podocyte
O: Lamina rara interna – endothelial cells
W: Lamina densa
64
What are the areas marked with a red box?
What are the structures marked with a green box?
Filtration slits
Podocytes
65
What is "e"?
renal corpuscle
66
A? B? C? D?
A – Medullary Ray
B- Collecting duct
C- Proximal straight tubule
D- Urinary pole of a renal corpuscle
67
A – medullary ray
B- proximal straight tubule
C- Proximal straight tubule
D- Distal straight tubule E- Brush border F- Proximal convoluted tubules
68
A - vessels
B – Thick limbs (in the medulla this is acceptable terminology-- you can’t tell the difference between prox. and dist)
C – Collecting Ducts
D – thin limbs
69
What area of the kindey is this?
medulla
70
A:Collecting duct
B: Thick limb
C: thin limb
D: vasa recta
71
What is the section containing the blue line (what kind of tissue is this)?
What is the structure designated with a red line?
muscular layer
lamina propria
(note: Upper 2/3 = inner longitudinal + outer circular layer of muscle; Lower 1/3 = additional outer longitudinal muscle)
72
What type of epithelium is this? Where is it found?
transitional; ureter and bladder
73
pediceles (from the same podocyte)
74
What is abnormal about this?
the podocytes have fused (aka effacement)
75
What caused this "onion skin"-like pathology?
malignant hypertension
76
Which is diffuse? What term describes the other image?
the one on the left is "diffuse"; the image on the right is "focal"
77
What term describes the image on the left? Right?
L: global
R: segmental
78
What term describes this type of glomerulonephritis?
crescentric
79
What is this (in spiffy pathologist terms)?
What condition would this patient have?
globally sclerotic glomeruli
this "end-stage hypertensive nephropathy" is called
ARTERIONEPHROSCLEROSIS
80
What is this? (Hint: it was caused by malignant hypertension)
fibrinoid necrosis of arterioles
81
What is this? (Hint: it is caused by hypertension)
hyaline sclerosis
82
What are these (in urine), and what causes this?
83
What are these (urine), and how do you know?
WBC
larger than RBC
granular
84
What is the black arrow pointing to?
What is the yellow arrow pointing to?
(urine)
85
What are these really difficult to see cells? What does their presence in the urine sample tell you?
squamous epithelial cells
there may be vaginal contamination; they will not tell you anything about the kidneys!
86
What are these (urine)? What are they associated with?
renal tubular epithelial cells
87
What is this (really faint) cell? When is it present in the urine?
hyaline cast
present in normal patients, usually in states of volume depletion (such as after running a marathon)
88
What are these, and what are they indicative of?
89
What is this, and in what condition would this be present in the urine?
renal tubular epithelial cell
90
What are these, and when do they precipitate out in urine?
uric acid crystals
when urine is acidic
91
What are these, and in what condition might you see these in urine?
92
What are these, and when might you see these in urine?
93
What is this?
94
What are these, and are they pathologic or benign findings in urine?
95
What is this (in urine)?
96
What is this (in urine), and what condition is it associated with?
fatty cast
lipiduria
97
What is this (in urine)?
98
What is this (yellow line)?
maltese cross
99
What is this (in urine), and what is it comprised of?
breakdown of cellular debris
100
What is this, and in what condition will you see it in the urine?
101
What is this?
WBC cast
102
What is this (urine)?
103
What are these?
adenoma
104
What is this?
angiolipoma
105
What condition does this indicate?
oncocytoma
106
What kind of "-oma" is this?
oncocytoma
107
What's wrong with these kidneys?
clear cell carcinoma
108
What's wrong with this kidney?
clear cell carcinoma
109
What is this?
clear cell carcinoma
110
What kind of cancer is this?
papillary carcinoma
111
What kind of cancer is this?
papillary carcinoma
| (finger-like proj)
112
What is this?
Chromophobe Carcinoma
113
What is this?
Chromophobe Carcinoma
114
What is this?
Chromophobe Carcinoma
115
What is this? What cell type is affected?
renal pelvis carcinoma
transitional epithelium
116
What is this?
Wilms tumor
117
What is this?
Wilm's tumor
118
What is this?
Wilm's tumor
(\*mixture of cellular elements--blastemal, stromal, epithelial)
119
What is this?
metastatic carcinoma
120
