Renal Inc Histology Flashcards
(25 cards)
What are the lamina rara interna, lamina rara externa, and the lamina densa?
The three layers of the GBM. Can’t be distinguished with light microscopy. The lamina densa is in the middle.
What lines the parietal layer of bowmans capsule?
Simple squamous epithelium. The nuclei are visible bulging into bowmans space.
What lines the PCT?
Simple cuboidal epithelium
What tissue surrounds the capillaries of the glomerulus?
Mesangium, which has contractile properties
What are the adaptations of the simple cuboidal epithelium which lines the PCT?
Brush border, junctional complex between cells, plicae (folds) on cell surfaces, interdigitation of neighbouring cell basal processes, basal striations from all the long mitochondria - ONLY SEEN ON ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
There are lots of mitochondria because this is specialised for the transport of GLUCOSE and AMINO ACIDS.
What do the cells of the THICK ascending loop of henle look like?
Low cuboidal epithelium
Which will have a longer thin loop of henle - a cortical or a juxtamedullary nephron?
A juxtamedullary one - these are supplied by the vasa recta blood supply and they do more to make the medullary tissue hypertonic. Their henles are long, but the cortical ones are piddly and short.
What do the cells of the thin segment of the loop of henle look like?
round in cross-section, no brush border or basal interdigitations, simple squamous epithelium
What is the pars recta?
The straight part of the DCT, this is also the thick ascending loop of henle
What is the thick ascending loop of henle lined with (also called the pars recta?)
Simple cuboidal epithelium with short microvilli
What lines the collecting tubule, and what does this change into in the actual collecting duct?
Simple cuboidal epithelium, some microvilli in the tubule. The collecting duct is simple columnar epithelium
What are the functions of the collecting duct?
Re absorb water (assisted by ADH)
Reabsorb Na+
Secrete K+
What is between the collecting ducts and the minor calyx?
Papillary ducts or ducts of Bellini
What’s the name for where the ducts of Bellini come together at the minor calyx?
Area cribrosa
What change occurs at the distal end of the papillary duct?
Simple columnar epithelium is replaced by UROTHELIUM aka transitional epithelium
Three adaptations of UROTHELIUM
Umbrella cells (Impermeability)
Concertina / stretching
Junctional complexes, tight cohesion
UROTHELIUM is stratified cuboidal epithelium (like a brick wall)
In an AP view, what’s the order top to bottom of structures at the kidney hilum?
V-A-U (like VAN in the intercostal groove): vein, artery, ureter
Which has a bigger lumen, PCT or DCT?
DCT
Two cell types in the collecting duct
Principal and intercalated, the principal ones are the ones with microvilli that do reabsorption
What are pedicels?
The secondary processes of the podocytes in the inner layer of the bowmans capsule. These surround the capillaries of the glomerulus and the fenestration slits are between.
What are the three muscular layers of the bladder called?
Detrusor muscle
What secretes mucus into the urethra which protects it?
Glands of littre
What’s the major difference between the male urethra and the female urethra?
In the male there is prostatic, membranous and spongy urethra: transitional, pseudostratified columnar epithelium, stratified columnar and finally stratified squamous, unlike in the female where it is transitional then non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
What do the bulbourethral glands do?
Secrete lubrication and clear fluid into the ureter
