Renal Labotayory tests

Question 1

Basic Functional unit of the kidney

Answer 1

Nephron

Question 2

Tubules that majority of solutes are reabsorbed

Answer 2

Proximal tubules

Question 3

part of the kidney is permeable to water, so water goes out

Answer 3

Descending loop hole of Henle

Question 4

part of the kidney that is impermeable to water, so water stays

Answer 4

Ascending loop pf Henle

Question 5

this tubule , aldosterone retains sodium (Na)

Answer 5

Distal tubule

Question 6

this tubule is where water is conserved by ADH ( Anti diuretic hormone)

Answer 6

Collecting tubule

Question 7

Types of Kidney Function Test(3)

Answer 7

1. measuring GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate)
2. measuring Renal blood flow
3. measuring Tubular Function

Question 8

Tests measuring GFR ( Glomerular Filtration Rate) (3)

Answer 8

1. Creatinine Clearance
2. Inulin Clearance
3. Urea Clearance

Question 9

Tests measuring Renal Blood Flow (6)

Answer 9

1. Amino Acids
2. Ammonia
3. Blood Urea Nitrogen
4. Blood Uric Acid
5. Creatine
6. Creatinine

Question 10

Tests measuring Tubular Function and their subtypes

Answer 10

1. Excretory tests
   1a. Para- Amino Hippurate test
   1b. Phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) Dye Excretion Test
2. Concentration Test
   2a. Specific gravity
   2b. Osmolality
   2c. Fishberg Concentration Test

Question 11

Test which measure the rate of glomerular filtration are generally called

Answer 11

Clearances

Question 12

Generally accepted body surface area of an individual in square meters

Answer 12

1.73

Question 13

1. -In product of muscle metabolism derived from creatine
   
   • Most commonly used substance for clinical assessment of GFR
2. Normal values (men) and ( women)

Answer 13

1. Creatinine Clearance Test

2. 107 - 139 ml /min(men) and 87- 107 ml/min( women)

Question 14

• Normally not present in the plasma therefore it is neither secreted, or reabsorbed by the renal tubules
• MOST ACCURATE MEASURE of GFR
• not particularly pleasant to the patient, thus it is not regularly used

Answer 14

Inulin Clearance Test

Question 15

1. Not commonly employed because of variable tests
2. __________ constant for maximum urea clearance
3. __________ constant for standard urea clearance

Answer 15

1. Urea clearance tests
2. 1.33
3. 1.85

Question 16

_______________________are increased in the plasma in renal impairment; referred to as ________________

Answer 16

1. Non Protein Nitrogens
   
   • urea
   • creatinine
   • uric acid
   • Ammonia
2. Azotemia

Question 17

The best laboratory evaluation for cases of suspected renal impairment is

Answer 17

GFR ( Glomerular Filtration Rate)

Question 18

1. derived from the action of bacteria on the contents of the colon
2. Metabolized by the _____________ normally
3. Increased_______________ is toxic to the CNS

Answer 18

1. Ammonia
2. Liver
3. Plasma ammonia

Question 19

Epithelium lining of the bladder

Answer 19

Transistional Epithelium