Renal Pharm Flashcards
(26 cards)
MOA of Mannitol
increases tubular fluid osmolarity to increase urine flow
What is Mannitol used for?
Elevated ICP or IOP
What can happen if you take too much Mannitol?
Pulmonary edema, dehydration
When can’t you take Mannitol?
Anuria or CHF
MOA of Acetazolamide
inhibits carbonic anhydrase and prevents HCO3 reabsorption
What is Acetazolamide used for?
Glaucoma, Altitude sickness, Alkalinazation of Urine, Metabolic Alkalosis, Pseudotumor Cerebri
What can happen if you take too much Acetazolamide?
Metabolic acidosis with hyperchloremia, Paresthesia, NH2 toxicity, Sulfa allergy
MOA of Furosemide
inhibition of NKCC channels (Na, K, 2 Cl) preventing the concentration of urine AND stimulates PGE release (vasodilatory effect on afferent arteriole) AND increases Ca excretion
Where does Furosemide work?
Ascending Loop of Henle
What can inhibit Furosemide?
NSAIDs
What is Furosemide used for?
CHF, Cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome, Pulmonary Edema, HTN, hypercalcemia
What can happen if you take too much Furosemide?
Ototoxicity Hypokalemia Dehydration Allergy to Sulfa Nephritis Interstitial Gout
MOA of Ethacrynic acid
inhibition of NKCC channels (Na, K, 2 Cl) preventing the concentration of urine AND stimulates PGE release (vasodilatory effect on afferent arteriole) AND increases Ca excretion
What is Ethacrynic acid used for?
Diuresis for pts. allergic to Furosemide
What can you never use Ethacrynic acid to treat?
Never use to treat gout with Ethacrynic Acid!
MOA of Hydrochlorothiazide
Inhibits NaCl reabsorption in Early Distal tubule and increases Calcium retention
What is Hydrochlorothiazide used for?
HTN, CHF, Hypercalciuria, Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
What can happen if you take too much HCTZ?
Metabolic Alkalosis (Hypokalemic), Hyponatremia
HyperGLUC (glycemia, lipidemia, uricemia, calcemia)
Sulfa Allergy
Name some potassium sparing diuretics
Spironolactone
Eplerenone
Amiloride
Triamterene
MOA of Spironolactone and Eplerenone
Competitive Aldosterone Receptor antagonists in Cortical collecting tubule
MOA of Amiloride and Triamterene
Block Na channels in CCT
What are potassium sparing diuretics used to treat?
Hyperaldosteronism, K+ depletion, CHF
What can happen if you take too much Potassium Sparing diuretics?
Hyperkalemia, arrhythmia
Endocrine effects (gynecomastia, antiandrogen) with Spironolactone
MOA of ACEi’s
Inhibits Angiotensin Converting Enzyme to decrease Angiotensin II which then decreases efferent arteriole constriction and thus decreases GFR;
Inactivation of Bradykinin (potent vasodilator)
