Renal physiology

Question 1

What is the primary function of the kidneys?

Answer 1

Question 2

What does the ureter do?

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Question 3

What does the urinary bladder do?

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Question 4

What does the urethra do?

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Question 5

What are the 4 specific functions of the kidney?

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Question 7

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

How many nephrons per kidney?

What are they made up of?

What shape do these things form around what? Called what?

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Question 12

What are juxtamedullary nephrons?

What kind of loop of Henle?

Involved in what?

What percentage of nephrons?

What are cortical nerphons?

What kind of loop of Henle?

What are they involved with?

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Question 13

Renal blood flow is how much per min?

Answer 13

more than 1 liter/min

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Question 22

Define the forces governing filtration

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Question 23

Describe how constricting the afferent arterial or the efferent arterial affert globular filtration rate. Describe how dilating efferent arterial and dialating afferent arterial affect globular filtration rate

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Question 28

Example for creatine clearance: if U= 60mg/dl V= 2ml/min P=1mg/dl What is creatine clearance?

Answer 28

$

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Question 40

Explain what

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Question 41

Describe how sodium moves from the tubular lumen, through the tubular epithelial cells, into the interstitial fluid, and finally into the peritubular capillaries. How does this affect the local osmalarity in the tubular lumen and interstitial fluid. How does it affect water movement?

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Question 70

Explain how HCO3- is reabsorbed

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Question 71

When is there a net gain of HCO3-?

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Question 72

Describe the micturition reflex

Answer 72

Bladder wall contains stretch receptors. When stretched, signals are sent to the lower spinal cord Activates parasympathetic neruons toing to the bladder and urethra Bladder wall contracts involuntairly and internal urethral spincter relaxes---\> urge to urinate Urination can be prevented by voluntarily contractive the external urethral spinchter relax external urethral spincter\_\_\_\> contents of bladder are released out urethra---\>urination

Question 73

What is urinary incontinence? Who is affected?

Answer 73

Inability to control urination Infants People with spinal cord injury Some eldery people

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Question 77

What are the treatments for renal failure?

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