Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

1102 > Renal System > Flashcards

Renal System Flashcards

1
Q

State kidney functions.

A

Homeostasis: plasma water & ion content, BP, pH.
Excretion of metabolic waste
Hormone production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

State hormones produced by the kidneys.

A

Erythropoietin, renin, Vit D activation, prostaglandins, kinins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Erythropoietin function

A

RBC synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Renin function

A

Na+ balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Vit D function

A

Ca2+ balance, bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Prostaglandins & kinins function

A

Renal blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nephron

A

Functional unit of the kidney.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

State the 2 outer layers of the kidney

A

CORTEX & MEDULLA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

80% of nephrons are ____, located in the ____

20% are ____ located in the _____

A

cortical, cortex

juxtamedullary, medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Renal corpuscle consists of:

A

Bowman’s capsule & glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What occurs in the Bowman’s capsule?

A

ULTRA-FILTRATION of plasma fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Outline the pathway plasma fluid takes through the nephron to reach the bladder collecting duct.

A

Renal corpuscle (Bowman’s capsule & glomerulus)
Proximal tubule
Loop of Henle: descending & ascending limb dips into medulla
Distal tubule
-> collecting duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Distal tubules of up to __ nephrons drain into ______ ____ , which drain into the ____ _____.

The fluid is called ____.

A

8
collecting ducts
renal pelvis

urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Blood flows from the ____ arteriole into the ______ and leaves via an ______ arteriole & ______ ______ surrounding the tubule.

A

Afferent, glomerulus
Efferent
peritubular capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Vasa recta

A

Long peritubular capillaries which dip into the medulla.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Renal portal system function

A

filters fluid out blood & into the nephron lumen at the glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fluids are reabsorbed from nephron tubules into the blood via _____ ________

A

Peritubular capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

State the 4 processes of nephron function

A

Filtration
Excretion
Reabsorption
Secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Vol. urine excreted =

A

vol. excreted = filtered - reabsorbed + secreted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

State the average glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

A

~180 L/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Filtration fraction

A

plasma that filters into the nephron

22
Q

State 2 mechanisms of GFR autoregulation

A

Myogenic mechanism

Tubuloglomerular feedback

23
Q

Describe myogenic regulation of GFR

A

Afferent & efferent arterioles have smooth muscle which can respond to pressure changes: vasoconstriction & vasodilation.

24
Q

Describe tubuloglomerular feedback following a GFR & RBF (renal blood flow) increase.

A

Macula densa cells release PARACRINE FACTORS.
Afferent arteriole constricts -> resistance increases -> hydrostatic pressure in glomerulus decreases.

GFR decreases

25
Reabsorption of ~__% filtrate occurs in the ____ ____. Reabsorption of salt & water is regulated by hormones in the ____ ____ and _____ _____.
70 proximal tubule distal tubule, collecting duct
26
Clearance =
clearance = (urine conc x urine flow rate)/plasma conc
27
Define clearance
A vol. of plasma from which a substance has been removed & excrete into urine per unit time.
28
Use of clearance
A marker of kidney functionality.
29
State the 3 filtration barriers of glomerular filtration. Function.
Capillary endothelium Basal lamina Podocytes Proteins excluded from filtration via charge & MW.
30
Describe features of the capillary endothelium.
Fenestrations: RBCs cannot leave capillary. | surface (-) proteins repulse (-) plasma proteins (albumin)
31
Describe features of the basal lamina
NEGATIVE charge - excludes plasma proteins from filtration.
32
Describe podocytes
In Bowman's capsule. | FOOT PROCESSES - filtration slits.
33
Which substances cannot be filtered?
Red blood cells | Serum albumin
34
Where does reabsorption occur?
Proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal & collecting tubules.
35
PROXIMAL TUBULE Reabsorption of: Secretion of:
Reabsorption: ~66% Na+, H2O, K+, Cl- ~100% glucose, amino acids urea, urate, HCO3- Secretion: H+ K+
36
LOOP OF HENLE: Descending limb epithelium is water ______ and NaCl _____. Ascending limb epithelium is water _____. Reabsorbs NaCl ______.
permeable, impermeable impermeable, passively
37
LOOP OF HENLE: Reabsorption: Secretion of:
Reabsorption: ~25% NaCl, K+, Cl- ~15% H20, urate, HCO3- Secretion of H+
38
Importance of the countercurrent multiplier exchanger.
Energy is used to generate an osmotic gradient to allow water reabsorption from tubular fluid -> produce concentrated urine.
39
DISTAL TUBULE & COLLECTING DUCT Reabsorption: Secretion
Reabsorption: ~8% NaCl, K+, Cl- ~8-17% H2O, HCO3- Secretion of H+ & K+
40
Where does most reabsorption occur?
In the proximal convoluted tubule.
41
VASOPRESSIN (ADH) function & secretory organ.
Stimulates water recovery via aquaporin at collecting duct -> URINE CONCENTRATES. Pituitary gland.
42
When is vasopressin released?
When Na+ levels rise.
43
ALDOSTERONE regulates [__]
Na+
44
Why does increased Na+ absorption increase blood pressure?
Na+ retention increases osmolarity -> increased thirst. | Drinking increases ECF, blood vol. increases -> BP rises.
45
Aldosterone is secreted by the ____ ____ and increases Na+ recovery via ____ channel. Aldosterone acts on _____ cells of which tubules?
adrenal cortex, ENaC. Principal Distal tubule & collecting duct
46
If [Na+] is reduced in blood, is aldosterone secreted or inhibited? Then what? What is the effect on the urine?
SECRETED Increases Na+ recovery via ENaC. URINE DILUTES
47
SEVERE DEHYDRATION HOMEOSTASIS mechanism
LOW BP -> high osmolarity RAAS system activated ANG II - >>> water retention & BP, stimulates aldosterone. Na+ reabsorption cannot occur. VASOPRESSIN release -> water reabsorption. OVERALL Increased water retention, blood pressure & reduces osmolarity.
48
State 3 types of diuretic drugs
Loop acting Thiazide K+ sparing
49
Describe the mode of action of loop acting diuretics.
Inhibit Na+/K+/2Cl- transport and so reabsorption. -> More ions in lumen. Reduces BP.
50
Describe the mode of action of thiazide diuretics.
Inhibit NaCl reabsorption mechanism in distal convoluted tubule. Less water reabsorption -> dilutes urine.
51
Describe the mode of action of K+ diuretics.
Inhibit ENaC Block effects of aldosterone on ENaC channels. Increased Na+ reabsorption & K+ secretion.

1102 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions