Renal System Flashcards
(41 cards)
1
Q
Promote/s retention or storage of urine:
- Parasympathetic stimulation
- Sympathetic stimulation
- Inhibition of the detrusor muscle
- 1, 3
- 2, 3
A
2, 3
2
Q
Promote/s retention or storage of urine, EXCEPT:
- Relaxation of detrusor.
- Contraction of trigone muscle.
- Sympathetic stimulation
- Inhibition of the pudendal nerve.
- None of the choices
A
None of the choices
3
Q
In the micturition reflex:
- The stimulus is distention of the urinary bladder.
- The receptors are stretch receptors located at the bladder wall.
- The micturition center is located at the pons.
- 1, 2
- 1, 2, 3
A
1, 2, 3
4
Q
NOT TRUE of micturition:
- Sympathetic stimulation is inhibited.
- The pudendal nerve is inhibited.
- Parasympathetic stimulation is activated.
- Detrusor muscle relaxes.
- Internal urethral sphincter relaxes.
A
Detrusor muscle relaxes.
5
Q
Which statement/s is/are FALSE?
- Pudendal nerve stimulation causes the external sphincter to contract.
- Parasympathetic stimulation causes the trigone muscle to contract and close the internal urethral sphincter.
- The hypogastric nerve represents the sympathetic innervation of the bladder.
- The pelvic nerves represent the parasympathetic innervation of the bladder.
- None of the choices
A
None of the choices
6
Q
Neurogenic bladder is a result of damage to the:
- Peripheral nerves
- Brain
- Spinal cord
- 1, 2
- 1, 2, 3
A
1, 2, 3
7
Q
The internal urinary sphincter is:
- Made of skeletal muscle.
- Innervated by the pudendal nerve.
- Closed in sympathetic stimulation.
- 1, 2
- 1, 2, 3
A
Closed in sympathetic stimulation.
8
Q
The external urinary sphincter is:
- Relaxed during micturition.
- Under voluntary control
- Strengthened by doing Kegel exercises.
- 1, 2
- 1, 2, 3
A
1, 2, 3
9
Q
Micturition involves:
- Increased parasympathetic stimulation.
- Contraction of the trigone muscle.
- Relaxation of the detrusor muscle.
- 1, 2
- 1, 2, 3
A
Increased parasympathetic stimulation.
10
Q
Voluntary control of micturition is:
- In the sacral spinal cord.
- Through the pudendal nerve firing.
- By increased sympathetic stimulation.
- 1, 2
- 1, 2, 3
A
Through the pudendal nerve firing.
11
Q
How does the condition diabetes mellitus cause neurogenic bladder?
- Peripheral nerves are damaged.
- Stretch cannot be sensed.
- The excess glucose attaches.
- 1, 2
- 1, 2, 3
A
1, 2, 3
12
Q
Collects the filtrate:
- Bowman’s capsule
- Afferent arteriole
- Efferent arteriole
A
Bowman’s capsule
13
Q
Hydrostatic pressure:
- Drives the fluid out from the capillaries and into the Bowman’s capsule.
- Greater than oncotic pressure.
- Influenced by blood volume and blood pressure.
- 1, 2
- 1, 2, 3
A
1, 2, 3
14
Q
How does high blood pressure and increase blood volume affect hydrostatic pressure?
- The higher the blood pressure, the greater the rate of filtration.
- The greater the blood volume, the greater the rate of filtration.
- Both
- Neither
A
Both
15
Q
Movement of substances out of the capillary in the glomerulus and into the Bowman’s capsule.
A
Filtration
16
Q
Movement of substances back from the tubule into the capillaries and blood.
A
Reabsorption
17
Q
Movement of filtrate to the collecting ducts comprising urine.
A
Secretion
18
Q
Normal filtrate:
- Does not contain proteins such as albumin.
- Does not contain red blood cells (RBC).
- Contains water, sodium chloride, bicarbonate, potassium ions.
- 1, 2
- 1, 2, 3
A
1, 2, 3
19
Q
Considered waste products that kidneys filter:
- Creatinine
- Urea
- Both
- Neither
A
Both
20
Q
Reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule:
- Water, sodium chloride
- Bicarbonate
- Glucose
- Amino acids
- All of the choices
A
All of the choices
21
Q
At the glomerulus, these substances are filtered:
- Glucose
- Amino acids
- Urea and creatinine
- 1, 2
- 1, 2, 3
A
1, 2, 3
22
Q
The Loop of Henle:
- Where urine becomes more concentrated.
- Where water is reabsorbed at the descending limb.
- NaCl is reabsorbed in the ascending limb.
- 1, 2
- 1, 2, 3
A
1, 2, 3
23
Q
In the distal convoluted tubule,
- Water and NaCl are reabsorbed.
- Some potassium and hydrogen ions are secreted.
- Both
- Neither
A
Both
24
Q
Normal urine includes:
- Water, NaC1, HCO3-
- Urea and creatinine
- Glucose and amino acids
- 1, 2
- 1, 2, 3
A
1, 2
25
Not reabsorbed in the nephron:
- Urea and creatinine
- Glucose and amino acids
- Water and sodium chloride
- 1, 2
- 1, 2, 3
Urea and creatinine
26
Creatinine:
- Mainly secreted, not reabsorbed in the nephron.
- Marker of glomerular filtration rate.
- Indicator of glomerular dysfunction if increased beyond normal levels in the blood.
- 1, 2
- 1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
27
Hormones that influence reabsorption in the nephron:
- Angiotensin
- Aldosterone
- Antidiuretic hormone
- ANP
- All of the choices
All of the choices
28
Which statement/s is/are FALSE?
- Aldosterone increases the secretion of water and sodium chloride.
- Vasopressin increases water reabsorption at the collecting ducts.
- Uric acid and organic acids from antibiotics are secreted in the proximal tubule.
- Oncotic pressure is osmotic pressure that causes fluids to go back to the capillaries due to proteins in the
blood.
- None of the choices
Aldosterone increases the secretion of water and sodium chloride.
29
Which is not a function of the urinary system?
- Regulation of blood volume.
- Excretion of wastes.
- Regulation of erythrocyte production.
- Regulation of lymphocyte production.
- Storage of urine.
Regulation of lymphocyte production.
30
Arrange the following structures in the correct sequence of urine flow:
(1) ureter
(2) renal pelvis
(3) calyx
(4) urinary bladder
(5) urethra
32145
31
The first structure in the kidney to collect
newly formed urine is the:
- Renal capsule
- Minor calyx
- Renal pelvis
- Renal sinus
- Renal cortex
Minor calyx
32
Correct order for the process of urine
formation:
(a) Capsular space of glomerulus
(b) Loop of Henle
(c) Collecting duct
(d) Distal convoluted tubule
(e) Proximal convoluted tubule
AEBDC
33
An increase of ADH causes the kidneys to __ the reabsorption of water, causing
them to produce _ urine.
- increase, more
- increase, less
- decrease, more
- decrease, less
increase, less
34
Aldosterone causes an increase in Na+ and Cl ____ from the nephrons which ___ the volume of urine output.
- reabsorption, increases
- reabsorption, decreases
- secretion, increases
- secretion, decreases
reabsorption, decreases
35
The kidney is important because:
- Regulates blood volume and erythrocyte production
- Absorbs vitamin D
- Both
- Neither
Regulates blood volume and erythrocyte production
36
Which of the following describes a nephron?
- Closely associated with glomerulus and alveolar capillaries
- Filtration occurs within the proximal convoluted tubules
- The podocytes on the glomerulus forms filtration slits
- Descending loop of Henle facilitates water secretion only
The podocytes on the glomerulus forms filtration slits
37
Which of the following facilitates filtration within the renal corpuscle?
- Special membrane of the glomerulus
- Positive net filtration pressure
- Larger diameter of afferent than the efferent arterioles
- All of the above
All of the above
38
Why is the tubular system of the nephron important?
- Disposes unnecessary substances
- Eliminates undesirable end products
- Expels excess potassium
- All of the above
All of the above
39
How does the tubular system facilitate blood pH control?
- When blood pH drops, renal tubule cells actively secrete more H+ into the filtrate
- When blood pH drops, renal tubule cells actively secrete more HCO3- into the filtrate
- When blood pH drops, renal tubule cells actively reabsorb more H+ into the filtrate
- All of the above
When blood pH drops, renal tubule cells actively secrete more H+ into the filtrate
40
All of the following promote/s retention or storage of urine EXCEPT:
- Relaxation of detrusor
- Contraction of trigone
- Sympathetic stimulation
- Inhibition of pudendal nerve
Inhibition of pudendal nerve
41
Micturition is also known as
- Bladder storage
- Urination
- Defecation
- None of these
Urination
