Renal System Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is the specialty of a nephrologist?
Doctors who specialize in kidneys
What do nephrologists diagnose and treat?
Kidney issues, electrolyte and nutrient imbalances, fluid retention, and high blood pressure
What is PKD?
Polycystic kidney disease, an inherited disorder causing hundreds of cysts on the kidneys
How many types of PKD are there?
2 types: Autosomal dominant PKD and Autosomal recessive PKD
How does PKD affect the kidneys?
Cysts block blood vessels and urine-producing tubes, can lead to kidney failure after decades
What are some symptoms of PKD?
- Blood in urine
- Excessive urination
- Pain in abdomen/back
- High blood pressure
What causes PKD?
Genetic inheritance of mutated PKD gene or spontaneous mutation in PKD gene
What are potential treatments for PKD?
- Dialysis
- Transplant
What is the typical prognosis for PKD?
Normal lifespan, transplant by age 60
How do cysts affect kidney function in PKD?
Cysts block blood vessels and nephrons, causing less blood to be filtered
Which genes are associated with PKD?
PKD1 and PKD2
On which chromosomes are PKD1 and PKD2 found?
- PKD1 on chromosome 16
- PKD2 on chromosome 4
What proteins do PKD genes code for?
- Polycystin 1
- Polycystin 2
Which gene mutation causes more complications in PKD?
PKD1 mutation
What could explain a mutated PKD gene not inherited from parents?
A spontaneous mutation in a gamete cell
Hypertonic
Water moves out of cell
Hypotonic
Water moves into cell
Isotonic
Water moves in/out equally
