Renal System Flashcards
(46 cards)
______ is key to maintaining Homeostasis.
The Kidney
How does the Kidney help maintain homeostasis?
- Excretes wastes and drugs
- Regulates or balances intake and excretion.
- Gluconeogenesis
- removal of foreign chemicals
- Regulates salts and water
- Production of Erythropoietin, Renin and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin
_______ acts in the bone marrow to stimulate the synthesis of New erythrocytes.
Erythropoietin
_______ is helpful in regulation blood pressure.
Renin (via renin-angiotensin-aldosterone cascade)
_______ regulates calcium absorption.
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
________ requires Hemodialysis.
ESRD (End Stage Renal disease)
What is the main problem of ESRD?
Inability to get rid of nitrogenous waste (Urea) and ends up turning it in to ammonia which is toxic to humans.
What are the clinical manifestations of Renal disease?
- Ammonia breath
- Gingival Enlargment
- Xerostomia
- Tooth problems
- Premature loss
- Narrowing pulp chambers
- necrosis beneath fillings or crowns.
What are contraindications for ESRD patients?
Nephrotoxic drugs such as tetracycline, acyclovir, aspirin and NSAIDS.
- Increased susceptibility to bleeding due to destruction of platelets.
What is the basic structure of the kidney?
Renal medulla = center = portions of nephron tubule involves with concentration and collection of urine.
Renal Cortex = outer part = blood is filters in the glomeruli and filtrate passes through tubule of nephron.
Tubules drain to ____.
into renal pelvis and then into ureter
Ureters drain to _____.
Urinary bladder, and the bladder is drained by the urethra.
What is the functional until of the kidney?
The Nephron
Describe the structure of a nephron….
A cluster of capillaries and a long hollow tube with a wall that is one cell layer thick.
- Renal Corpuscle = glomerulus + capsule
- Proximal (Convoluted) Tubule
- Distal convoluted tubule
- Collecting duct (shared by several nephrons.
What are the 2 types of nephrons?
- Superficial or cortical nephrons
- Juxtamedullary nephrons
* Differ in position of the renal corpuscle and length of the medullary tubules.
What are the 3 steps of the Renal process?
- Filtration = solutes pass in from the blood into the tubular fluid in the renal capsule (bowman’s space)
- Secretion = substances are transported from the blood in the peritubluar capillaries into the tubular fluid.
Resorption = substances are transported defrost he tubular fluid into the blood in the peritubular capillaries.
Where does filtration occur?
in the glomerular capillaries (15-20% of plasma entering the glomerulus is filtered)
Blood leaving the glomerular capillaries flows into _________.
Peritubular capillaries (Vasa recta) *See diagram
Where does secretion and absorption take place?
Throughout the length of the tubules, Thus the composition of the tubular fluid varies with tubular region.
What happens to the tubular fluid that remains at the end of the collecting ducts?
it gets excreted.
_______ is a dense capillary bed where filtration occurs.
Glomerulus
_____ surrounds the glomerulus.
Renal capsule
What mechanisms regulate blood flow through the glomerulus?
- Smooth muscle contaction in afferent and efferent arterioles
- Response of Juxtaglomerular apparatus = secretes the hormone renin, which regulates BP and therefore glomerular blood flow.
- Sympathetic nervous system
What does the Proximal convoluted tubule do?
- Drains the renal capsule
- resorbs 2/3 of filtered salt and water
- Resorbs all filtered glucose and AAs
- Some diuretics act here.
