Renal System Flashcards
(21 cards)
What are some basic functions of the kidneys?
- Homeostasis- water & electrolyte conc
- Produce urine
- Produce erythropoietin- rbc
- Produce renin- bp
What are the basic components of the renal system?
2 kidneys, 2 ureters, bladder, urethra
What occurs in the cortex of the kidney?
Filtration
What occurs in the medulla of the kidney?
Urine concentration
What occurs in the renal pelvis of the kidney?
Collects urine, drains into ureter and bladder
What is the hilum?
The concave point of the kidney where renal & lymphatic vessels, the ureter and nerves enter.
What is the functioning unit of the kidney?
Nephron
What is the nephron composed of?
Bowman’s capsule, the glomerulus, collecting duct, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule.
What will constriction of the afferent arteriole do to the GFR?
Decrease
Which portion of the ANS will increase glomerular filtration?
Rest and digest: parasympathetic
Three processes involved in the formation of urine?
Filtration, selective reabsorption, secretion
What is the equation used to describe urinary excretion rate?
filtration rate – reabsorption rate + secretion rate
Briefly describe how filtration works.
Difference b/w the bp in the glomerulus and the pressure of the filtrate in the glomerular capsule. Pressure of the blood and osmotic pressure oppose- filtration occurs.
Briefly describe reabsorption.
Solutes (amino acids, glucose, ions) are reabsorbed by active and passive processes. Water reabsorption accompanies solute reabsorption due to osmosis.
Briefly describe secretion.
Materials move into the convoluted tubules from the blood, can be active or passive.
What are two principle effects of tubular secretion?
- Secretion of H+ helps to control blood pH
2. Secretion of other substances eliminates them from the body
What hormones is reabsorption regulated by?
- Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
- Aldosterone
- Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
Where is ADH produced and what is its function?
- Produced by the hypothalamus and is released into the blood by posterior pituitary gland.
- Decreases blood flow through the kidney.
- Increased water reabsorption.
What will reducing blood flow to kidneys do to filtration rate?
Decrease it
Where is Aldosterone secreted and what is its function?
- Secreted by the adrenal cortex
- Increases reabsorption of Na+ and excretion of K+ in distal tubules and collecting ducts.
- Water retention
Where is ANP secreted and what is its function?
-Secreted by the atria of the heart in response to stretching of the atrial wall.
-Decreases reabsorption of Na+ and water in the proximal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts
-Inhibits the secretion of ADH and
aldosterone
-Results in fluid excretion and reduction in blood volume
