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A&P II Lab > Renal System > Flashcards

Renal System Flashcards

1
Q

How much does urinary bladder hold?

A

700-800 ml (21-24 oz)

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2
Q

Rugae

A

Elevated folds on bladder wall - allow to expand

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3
Q

Trigone

A

Triangular area - formed by ureteral orifices and urethral orifice

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4
Q

Why does the trigone not have rugae?

A

avoid blocking of the ureters during stretching

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5
Q

Detrusor Muscle

A

Smooth muscle - lines bladder wall - parasymp contraction expels urine

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6
Q

Micturition Reflex

A

When bladder fills…
STIMULATES: pressure receptor
TRIGGERS: involuntary relaxation of internal urethral sphincter
voluntary relaxation of external urethral sphincter

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7
Q

Are the kidneys retroperitoneal?

A

Yep. Protected by 11th and 12th ribs.

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8
Q

Kidney Membranes

A

Renal Capsule INSIDE (clings to kidney)
Adipose Capsule MIDDLE (protects)
Renal Fascia OUTERMOST (connective tissue, holds against body wall)

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9
Q

How many nephrons in each kidney?

A

Over 1 million

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10
Q

Three processes of urine formation

A

Filtration / Reabsorption / Secretion

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11
Q

Yellow color of urine?

A

Urochrome pigment - from destruction of hemoglobin

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12
Q

Cloudy urine

A

could be UTI

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13
Q

Normal pH of urine

A

6 (slightly acidic)

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14
Q

More alkaline urine (7-8)

A

bacterial infection, vegetarian diet

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15
Q

Specific Gravity of urine

A

1.001-1.035, depends on solute

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16
Q

Hematuria

A

Blood in Urine

17
Q

Blood in the urine (cause)

A

inflammation in urinary tract, kidney stones, kidney disease

18
Q

Protein in urine (cause)

A

Nonpathological - excessive physical extertion, pregnancy, high protein diet

Pathological - heart failure, hypertension, renal disease

19
Q

Sugar in urine (cause)

A

Nonpathological - excessive sugary foods

Pathological - diabetes mellitus

20
Q

Proteinuria / Albuminuria

A

Protein in Urine

21
Q

Glycosuria / Glucosuria

A

Sugar in Urine

22
Q

More acidic urine (4.6-6)

A

Carnivores

23
Q

Ketone Bodies in urine

A

Diabetes, starvation, high protein diet

A&P II Lab (4 decks)

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