Renal System Part 1

Question 1

The kidneys are located at the ________

Answer 1

Between L3 and T12, or CVA (costovertebral angle), retroperitoneally

Question 2

Are the kidneys located in the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 2

No - retroperitoneally

Question 3

weight of a kidney = ___

Answer 3

120-130g (4.5 oz)

Question 4

width of a kidney = ___

Answer 4

2-3 inches (10-12cm)

Question 5

thickness of a kidney = ___

Answer 5

2-3cm

Question 6

length of a kidney = ___

Answer 6

5-6 inches

Question 7

located on top of kidneys

Answer 7

Adrenal glands

Question 8

Name the kidney’s internal distinct regions

Answer 8

Cortex, medulla, renal pelvis

Question 9

outer part of kidney, light in color and granular in appearance

Answer 9

Cortex

Question 10

How wide is the cortex?

Answer 10

1cm

Question 11

taft of capillaries; site for filtration

Answer 11

Glomerulus

Question 12

The glomerulus is enclosed by _________

Answer 12

Bowman’s capsule

Question 13

contains the loop of Henle, vasa recta, and renal pyramids

Answer 13

Medulla

Question 14

How wide is the medulla?

Answer 14

5cm

Question 15

responsible for water reabsorption

Answer 15

Loop of Henle

Question 16

responsible for normal renal blood flow, and renal tissue perfusion

Answer 16

Vasa recta

Question 17

where urine flows out to the calyces

Answer 17

Renal pyramids

Question 18

tube that collects urine from the renal calyces and transport it to the ureter.

Answer 18

Renal pelvis

Question 19

how much CO is received by the kidneys?

Answer 19

20-25%

Question 20

basic structural and functional unit of the kidney

Answer 20

Nephrons

Question 21

2 kinds of nephrons

Answer 21

Cortical nephrons & Juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 22

85% of nephrons; almost entirely in cortex which forms urine

Answer 22

Cortical nephrons

Question 23

what secretes renin?

Answer 23

Juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 24

normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

Answer 24

125 ml/min

Question 25

hourly urine output

Answer 25

40-60 ml/hr

Question 26

daily urine output

Answer 26

1.5L/day

Question 27

high urine output

Answer 27

Polyuria

Question 28

low urine output

Answer 28

Oliguria

Question 29

pus in the urine

Answer 29

Pyuria

Question 30

painful sexual intercourse

Answer 30

dyspareunia

Question 31

no urine output

Answer 31

anuria

Question 32

blood in the urine

Answer 32

hematuria

Question 33

painful urination

Answer 33

dysuria

Question 34

functions of the kidney | Clue: UERRCRSS

Answer 34

-Urine formation -Excretion of waste products -Regulation of electrolytes -Regulation of acid- base balance -Control of water balance and BP -Regulation of RBC production -Synthesis of vitamin D to active form -Secretion of prostaglandins

Question 35

normal serum sodium range

Answer 35

135-145mEq/ L

Question 36

normal serum magnesium range

Answer 36

1.5-2.5mEq/ L

Question 37

normal serum phosphate range

Answer 37

2.5-3.5mEq/ L

Question 38

Normal serum potassium range

Answer 38

3.5-4.5mEq/ L

Question 39

normal serum calcium range

Answer 39

4.5-5.5mEq/ L

Question 40

normal serum chloride range

Answer 40

95-105mEq/ L

Question 41

DOC for hyperkalemia | DOC - durg of choice

Answer 41

Kayexalate or exchange resin | Rationale: Exchange for Na in Gi, and excretion of K

Question 42

failure of kidneys to activate vit D leads to what electrolyte imbalance

Answer 42

Hypocalcemia | Which may lead to renal osteodystrophy

Question 43

high levels of this electrolyte increases serum osmolality

Answer 43

Sodium | electrolyte imbalance: hypernatremia

Question 44

normal serum osmolality

Answer 44

270-290 mOsm/kg | normal serum Na range (135-145) times 2

Question 45

sodium is inversely proportional to

Answer 45

Potassium

Question 46

Calcium is inversely proportional to

Answer 46

Phosphate | Ca is also inversely proportional to the hormone PTH

Question 47

Chloride is directly proportional to

Answer 47

Sodium

Question 48

what is the acid-base imbalance in renal failure?

Answer 48

metabolic acidosis | failure of the kidneys to excrete acid

Question 49

in case of metabolic acidosis, the kidneys secrete

Answer 49

HCO3- or Bicarbonate | the kidneys also reabsorbs bicarbonate

Question 50

DOC for renal failure | DOC = drug of choice

Answer 50

sodium bicarbonate

Question 51

hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell formation

Answer 51

Eryhtropoietin

Question 52

Secreted by the kidneys to improve renal blood flow & regulate Na+

Answer 52

Prostaglandins

Question 53

hormone secreted by the right atrium in response to increased volume and stretch due to increased ECV

Answer 53

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 54

a hormone that inhibits renin, and ADH secretions making collecting tubules less porous, and producing a large amount of diluted urine.

Answer 54

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 55

muscular hollow sac located just behind the pubic bone

Answer 55

urinary bladder

Question 56

smooth triangular portion of the base of the bladder

Answer 56

Trigone wall

Question 57

allows bladder to expand or contract; consists of fibers arranged in inner and outer longitudinal layers and in a middle circular layer

Answer 57

Detrusor muscles

Question 58

receives urine from the renal pelvis

Answer 58

ureter

Question 59

length of ureters

Answer 59

12-20 inches

Question 60

the urinary bladder can hold ___ of urine

Answer 60

500-800ml

Question 61

thin, walled muscular tube that channels urine outside of the body; arising from the base of the bladder to the external urinary meatus.

Answer 61

Urethra

Question 62

length of female urethra

Answer 62

1.5-2.5 in (3-5cm)

Question 63

length of male urethra

Answer 63

5-6 in (20cm)