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Urinary > Renal Tubular Acidosis > Flashcards

Renal Tubular Acidosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is renal tubular acidosis?

A

Impaired acid excretion resulting in hypercholoraemic metabolic acidosis

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2
Q

What can impaired acid excretion lead to?

A

Hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis

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3
Q

What can impaired acid excretion cause?

A

Activation of renin Angiotensin system leading to potassium wasting and hypokalaemia

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4
Q

What is type 1 renal tubular acidosis characterized by?

A

Inability to excrete hydrogen ions.

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5
Q

Which part of the collecting duct system is affected in type 1 RTA?

A

Distal tubule

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6
Q

What are the complications of type 1 RTA?

A

Nephrocalcinosis
Renal stones

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7
Q

What metabolic disturbance does type 1 RTA cause?

A

Hypokalaemia

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8
Q

What are the possible causes of type 1 RTA?

A

Idiopathic
Rheumatoid arthritis
SLE
Sjogren’s
Amphotericin B toxicity

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9
Q

What is type 2 RTA characterised by?

A

Defect in the HCO3- reabsorption in proximal tubule

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10
Q

Which part of the collecting duct system is affected in type 1 RTA?

A

Proximal tubule

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11
Q

What is type 2 RTA associated with?

A

Fanconi syndrome

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12
Q

What metabolic disturbance does type 2 RTA cause?

A

Hypokalaemia

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13
Q

What is a possible complcation of type 2 RTA?

A

Osteomalacia

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14
Q

How is type 1 RTA diagnosed?

A

Failure to acidify urine (pH >5.5) despite acid load

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15
Q

How is type 2 RTA diagnosed?

A

Urine will acidify with an acid load (pH <5.5)

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16
Q

What are the possible causes of type 2 RTA?

A

Fanconi syndrome
Wilson’s disease

17
Q

What is type 4 RTA characteristed by?

A

Reduction in aldosterone leads to a reduction in proximal tubular ammonium excretion

18
Q

Which part of the collecting system is affected by type 4 RTA?

A

Proximal tubule

19
Q

What metabolic disturbance can result from type 4 RTA?

A

Hyperkalaemia

20
Q

What are the main cuases of type 4 RTA?

A

Hypoaldosteronism
Diabetes

21
Q

What is renal tubular acidosis?

A

Metabolic acidosis due to pathology in the tubules

22
Q

What are the tubules responsible for?

A

Balancing the hydrogen and bicarbonate ions between the blood and urine and maintaining a normal pH

23
Q

How many types of renal tubular acidosis are there?

A

4 types

Urinary (38 decks)

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