Renal Tubular Acidosis Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is renal tubular acidosis?
Impaired acid excretion resulting in hypercholoraemic metabolic acidosis
What can impaired acid excretion lead to?
Hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis
What can impaired acid excretion cause?
Activation of renin Angiotensin system leading to potassium wasting and hypokalaemia
What is type 1 renal tubular acidosis characterized by?
Inability to excrete hydrogen ions.
Which part of the collecting duct system is affected in type 1 RTA?
Distal tubule
What are the complications of type 1 RTA?
Nephrocalcinosis
Renal stones
What metabolic disturbance does type 1 RTA cause?
Hypokalaemia
What are the possible causes of type 1 RTA?
Idiopathic
Rheumatoid arthritis
SLE
Sjogren’s
Amphotericin B toxicity
What is type 2 RTA characterised by?
Defect in the HCO3- reabsorption in proximal tubule
Which part of the collecting duct system is affected in type 1 RTA?
Proximal tubule
What is type 2 RTA associated with?
Fanconi syndrome
What metabolic disturbance does type 2 RTA cause?
Hypokalaemia
What is a possible complcation of type 2 RTA?
Osteomalacia
How is type 1 RTA diagnosed?
Failure to acidify urine (pH >5.5) despite acid load
How is type 2 RTA diagnosed?
Urine will acidify with an acid load (pH <5.5)
What are the possible causes of type 2 RTA?
Fanconi syndrome
Wilson’s disease
What is type 4 RTA characteristed by?
Reduction in aldosterone leads to a reduction in proximal tubular ammonium excretion
Which part of the collecting system is affected by type 4 RTA?
Proximal tubule
What metabolic disturbance can result from type 4 RTA?
Hyperkalaemia
What are the main cuases of type 4 RTA?
Hypoaldosteronism
Diabetes
What is renal tubular acidosis?
Metabolic acidosis due to pathology in the tubules
What are the tubules responsible for?
Balancing the hydrogen and bicarbonate ions between the blood and urine and maintaining a normal pH
How many types of renal tubular acidosis are there?
4 types
