Renal / Ureteric stones

Question 1

Renal and ureteric stones are

Answer 1

crystalline calculi that form anywhere in upper urinary tract
~ often asymptomatic but may cause pain when they move or obstruct flow of urine.
~ most composed of calcium salts (calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate or both)
~ rest composed of struvite, uric acid, cystine and other substances.
~ susceptible to stone formation if decrease in urine volume &/or excess of stone forming substances in urine.