Renal/Urinary System Flashcards
(30 cards)
Our 2 ureters transport urine from the kidneys to the
Urinary bladder
Each kidney is supplied by…
A renal artery and a renal vein
The urinary bladder is connected to the
Urethra
Functions of the kidney
Help maintain homeostasis by controlling the composition and volume of the blood
The kidneys are located
On the posterior wall of the abdomen
The kidney has 3 layers
The inner membranous renal capsule, the adipose capsule fat and the outer renal fascia
Blood supply to the kidney is supplied by
The renal artery
Renal veins…
Drains the blood
Kidney organisation
Hilium, renal cortex, renal medulla (inner portion)
Nephron structure…
Glomerular (bowmans capsule), glomerulus, proximal consulted tubule, loop of henle, distal convulted tubule and collecting duct
The nephron regulates
Water, waste and other materials
Kidney activities
Excretion, water balance maintenance, body fluid acid base regulation, BP regulation and red blood cell production regulation
Glomerular filtration is
The first stage of urine formation
Formation of urine…
Glomerular filtration, tubular re absorption, tubular secretion and counter mechanism
Tubular re absorption is
discriminatory process, renin is secreted
Renin…
Promotes retention of sodium and water and raises BP
Tubular secretion…
Final adjustments made by the kidney before filtrate leaves the body as urine. Some substances actively removed from the bloody into the nephron
Counter current mechanism
Electrolytes actively pumped out of the loop of henle concentrating interstitial fluid
Distal convulted tubule
Reabsorption and secretion hormonally regulated by aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone
Collecting ducts
Final stage of concentration
Controls of BP
Juxtagiomerular apparatus- specialised cells that regulate kidney function
Erythropoietin
Promotes the formation of red blood cells by the bone marrow
Renin
A protein released by special kidney cells when you have decreased salt (sodium) levels or low blood volume
Aldosterone…
Hormone release by the adrenal glands it helps regulate BP
