Repiratory Patho Flashcards

Question

RESTRICTIVE LUNG DISEASES

Answer 1

Characterized by decreased airway compliance Two groups of diseases Abnormalities of chest wall which limits lung expansion Includes: Kyphosis Scoliosis Polio ALS Muscular dystrophy Burn scar Disease affecting lung tissue that provides supporting framework Includes: Occupational diseases (pneumoconiosis) Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (autoimmune disease) Pulmonary edema Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Answer 2

Fluid collection (edema) in all lung tissues Affects gas exchange Affects lung expansion Key = pulmonary capillary pressure increases & fluid moves into alveoli Capillaries rupture & get bloody sputum (hemoptysis) True medical emergency

Answer 3

Left sided heart failure Inhalation of toxic gases Lymphatic blockage (e.g. from tumor)

Answer 4

Pulmonary Emboli Clot of foreign matter that occludes artery in pulmonary system Size of embolus & general health of patient determine degree of damage and amount of symptoms Thrombus (most common) Air, fat, bacteria, tissue Large bone fractures can result in fat emboli Risk increased by CHF, lung disease, stasis with varicosities 90% originate from deep veins (primarily in leg)

Answer 5

Atelectasis Collapsed pulmonary tissue Results in degrees of hypoxia Causes: Pleural effusion Obstruction of the bronchial tree Obstruction leads to absorption atelectasis Compression atelectasis

Answer 6

Pathophysiology = fluid separates the two pleural membranes Lungs do not expand properly during inspiration since there is no cohesion between ---- lung/visceral pleura/ parietal pleura Types: Transudates = hydrothorax Blood = hemothorax Pus = empyema

Answer 7

Collection of air or gas in pleural cavity resulting in collapse (either partial or full) of lung Spontaneous pneumothorax Open pneumothorax --- usually secondary to trauma Tension pneumothorax

Answer 8

Pulmonary heart disease Disease of the RIGHT side of the heart from pulmonary hypertension Does not include pulmonary hypertension as a result of LEFT sided heart failure Causes COPD Pulmonary fibrosis Persistent atelectasis PE Pulmonary vascular sclerosis The right ventricle develops hypertrophy and over time the right ventricle is unable to maintain cardiac output

Answer 9

a genetic disease that causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in the body, leading to breathing and digestion problems

Answer 10

Broadly classified into two types Non-small cell Small cell Based upon the microscopic appearance of the tumor, i.e. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant risk factor for lung cancer

Answer 11

occurs when oral or gastric contents are aspirated into the lungs, leading to infection. It often results from impaired swallowing or protective airway reflexes

Answer 12

Chronic inflammatory disorder associated with airway hyper- responsiveness leading to recurrent episodes Often reversible airflow limitation Prevalence increasing in many countries, especially in children

Answer 13

Destructive disease of alveolar septa Permanent & irreversible Non-functioning alveoli Chest x-ray shows: translucent appearing lungs, flattened diaphragm, & cardiomegaly Clubbed fingers Increased lung compliance Decreased lung elasticity

Answer 14

Chronic inflammation of mucus membrane Defined as a chronic mucus producing cough most days of the month, three months of the year for two successive years without other underlying disease to explain the cough Hyperplasia of mucosa & destruction of cilia Results in a chronic, deep, productive cough Long term smoking, certain environmental factors such as textile dust fibers

Answer 15

SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) are serious infectious respiratory diseases that are caused by members of a class of viruses known as coronaviruses

Repiratory Patho Flashcards

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