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Professional Oral Communication > Repition > Flashcards

Repition Flashcards

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1
Q

Bloch and Starks Taxonomy of Countries

A
  1. The inner circle (USA, UK, Australia etc.)
  2. The outer circle (India, Singapore, Phillipines etc.)
  3. The dual circle (EU member countries)
  4. The expanding circle (Japan, China, Korea etc.)
  5. The business circle (Countries that use ELF e.g a Norwegian talking to an Italian)
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2
Q

Audience vs. listeners

A

The people you as a speaker actually can influence

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3
Q

Appeals forms

A
  1. Ethos - credibility of speaker
  2. Pathos - emotional –> appealing to emotions
  3. Logos - logical –> appealing through reasoning
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4
Q

Language in Hexagon

A

closely connected to speech acts, formality, politeness, terminology etc.

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5
Q

Toulmin

A

Argumentation: claim, support and warrant.

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6
Q

Speech acts

A
  1. expressive - speakers expresses feelings and attitudes
  2. informative - speaker tells somebody about something
  3. Directive - speaker orders somebody to do something

Speech acts - a way to get things done with language

E.g Man, its stuffy in here –> wants window opened

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7
Q

Hall

A

High vs. low context cultures

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8
Q

High-context culture

A

Messages are implicit and multilevel (e.g. Japan/Arab countries)

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9
Q

Low-context culture

A

Messages are spelled out fully, clearly and precisely (e..g German/Scandinavian)

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10
Q

Why would you use a analysis of the rhetorical situation?

A

The analysis outlines do’s and don’ts for the language user

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11
Q

Face

A

A public negotiators self image

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12
Q

What do you mean by negotiator? (face)

A

“well for example, everyone’s face can be modified…”

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13
Q

Positive Face

A

Wants to be part of the group

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14
Q

Negative Face

A

you want to keep your indepence - you don’t want to give up your individual freedom. You don’t want to be imposed on

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15
Q

Face Threatening vs. Face Saving Act

A

James spills a cup of coffee on kath, she says:

Face Threatening: JAMES YOU IDIOT YOU JUST SPILLED A WHOLE CUP OF COFFEE ON MY

Face saving: it’s okay James, i needed to wash these clothes anyway

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16
Q

Politeness

A

Negative politeness: Respecting another person’s negative face, e.g. Taps on clothes to search for pen

Positive politeness: being polite, normal language.

17
Q

Socio-cultural competence

A

Communicator’s ability to manoeuvre between the social and cultural dimensions

18
Q

Fons Trompenaars

A

Distinction between individualist or collectivist culture

19
Q

Gesteland

A

Talks about “great divide” between business cultures –> Relationship-focused vs. Deal-focused

Indirect language vs. direct language

Japan vs. USA

20
Q

Geert Hofstede

A
  • Power Distance
  • Masculinity/Feminimity
  • Uncertainty avoidance
  • Long-term/Short-term orientation to life
  • Individualism/collectivism
  • Indulgence (added in 2010)

Indulgence (Greece), Restraint (Germany)

21
Q

Critique of Hofstede

A
  • Identifies cultures based on the supposition that within a nation there is a uniform national culture.
  • world changed greatly since findings
22
Q

Inglehart

A
  • Founding member of “World Value Survey Organistion” (WVS)
  • Maps countries according to values
  • Grouping countries according to similarity and differences
23
Q

Cultural Intelligence (CQ)

A

An outsiders ability to interpret unfamiliar and ambiguous gestures –> Earley and Mosakowski

CQ is the interplay between the cognitive, the emotional and the behavioural dimensions –> Søderberg

24
Q

Socio-cultural skills

A

The ability to communicate within the cultural premises of the foreign language, inter-cultural competence, linguistic and non-linguistic conventions.

  1. An area that covers the social skills and those cultural aspects that relate to behaviour towards others
  2. An area that covers the speaker’s background knowledge (world knowledge) and knowledge of the topic on hand
25
Q

What does topoi/topos mean?

A

The term for the different angles and perspectives to an argument

26
Q

Three categories of topoi. What are they?

A

Thematic topoi, Oppositional topoi, Topoi of evidence

27
Q

Thematic topoi

A

Looking at different themes to generate proof

A list of thematic topoi that is usually useful:

  1. money aspect
  2. Environment
  3. Health
  4. Work
  5. Well-being
  6. Time
28
Q

Oppositional topoi

A

Thinking of opposites: thinking of two topoi simultaneously each pointing in the exact opposite direction of each other

The objective: to generate proof

  1. Individual vs. society
  2. Change vs. tradition
  3. Quality vs. quantity
29
Q

Topoi of evidence

A

When making use of external sources of evidence e.g. reports, statistics, expert testimony and personal experience

  1. investigations
  2. Experience
  3. General assumptions
30
Q

Alliteration

A

Polly Pocket’s Pants

31
Q

ELF

A

English as a Lingua franca

Medium of communication

Professional Oral Communication (1 decks)

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