Replication, Transcription, Translation

Question 1

topoisomerase function

Answer 1

keeps DNA from coiling back up

Question 2

DNA polymerase 2 function

Answer 2

proof reads daughter strand

Question 3

DNA polymerase 1 and 3 function

Answer 3

form daughter strand

Question 4

griffith’s experiment

Answer 4

injecting a heat killed s bacteria and live r bacteria killed the mouse because type r turned into type s

Question 5

griffith’s experiment findings

Answer 5

there is genetic material responsible for the transformation principle

Question 6

Avery experiment and findings

Answer 6

DNA is the genetic material because only purified DNA from type s can change type r bacteria into type s

Question 7

Hershey and chase findings

Answer 7

DNA is the genetic material in many organisms

Question 8

Hershey and chase experiment

Answer 8

labeled t2 phage proteins with 32P and DNA with 35S. after phage injected its genetic material into a bacterial cell, most of the 35S and little of the 32P was left.

Question 9

Rosalind Franklin experiment and findings

Answer 9

used x-ray diffraction to show that DNA was a double helix

Question 10

Watson and crick experiment and findings

Answer 10

found that DNA is a double helix by using a ball and stick model

Question 11

chargaff’s rule

Answer 11

purines always bond to pyrimidines. A bonds with T. C bonds with G

Question 12

x ray diffraction helped to discover that

Answer 12

DNA was a double helix, each turn had 10 base pairs, and the back bone is on the outside of the helix

Question 13

bacteriophage

Answer 13

a virus that infects bacteria

Question 14

purines

Answer 14

bases with a double ring structure (A and G)

Question 15

pyrimidines

Answer 15

bases with a single ring structure (C, T, and U)

Question 16

nucleotide structure

Answer 16

phosphate group, pentose sugar, and nitrogenous base.

Question 17

backbone of DNA is composed of

Answer 17

phosphate group and sugar

Question 18

gel electrophoresis

Answer 18

technique used to separate macromolecules

Question 19

number of hydrogen bonds between base pairs

Answer 19

A-T : 2

C-G : 3

Question 20

semiconservative replication

Answer 20

new DNA contains one parent and one daughter strand

Question 21

DNA polymerase

Answer 21

forms new DNA strands

Question 22

RNA polymerase

Answer 22

synthesizes RNA during transcription

Question 23

DNA & RNA ligase

Answer 23

links adjacent DNA fragments on the laying strand

Question 24

sugar in DNA

Answer 24

deoxyribose

Question 25

sugar in RNA

Answer 25

ribose

Question 26

deoxyribose has _______ oxygen than ribose

Answer 26

1 less

Question 27

mRNA

Answer 27

RNA that carries info from the DNA to the ribosome to code for amino acids

Question 28

tRNA

Answer 28

carries amino acids to mRNA

Question 29

promoter

Answer 29

the site where DNA transcription​ begins

Question 30

regulatory requence

Answer 30

site where regulatory proteins bind, determines if gene is on or off

Question 31

transcription factors

Answer 31

protein that influences the ability of RNA polymerase to transcribe genes

Question 32

snRNP's

Answer 32

remove introns from pre-RNA

Question 33

introns

Answer 33

junk that gets spliced out

Question 34

exons

Answer 34

the real gene

Question 35

poly A tail

Answer 35

extra nucleotides added onto the 3' end of RNA to protect it in the cytoplasm

Question 36

leading strand

Answer 36

strand that is 3' to 5'

Question 37

rRNA

Answer 37

forms ribosomal subunits

Question 38

start codon

Answer 38

AUG

Question 39

stop codons

Answer 39

UAG, UAA, UGA

Question 40

peptide bonds are between

Answer 40

amino acids

Question 41

A site

Answer 41

where tRNA first enters the ribosome

Question 42

P site

Answer 42

where the amino acid detaches from tRNA

Question 43

E site

Answer 43

where tRNA exits the ribosome

Question 44

mRNA enters the ribosome from what end to what end

Answer 44

5' to 3'

Question 45

RNA polymerase moves on the template strand from

Answer 45

3' to 5'

Question 46

new strand is built

Answer 46

5'-3'

Question 47

new strand can be only built onto on what end

Answer 47

3'

Question 48

DNA helicase

Answer 48

unwinds dna

Question 49

RNA primer

Answer 49

small sequence of RNA that allows DNA polymerase to begin synthesizing DNA

Question 50

three stages of transcription

Answer 50

1. initiation 2. elongation 3. termination