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D: Media: year 13 content > Representations in media: > Flashcards

Representations in media: Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

What is symbolic annihilation?

A

it means that a group is underrepresented in the media

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2
Q

How are children represented in media?

A

vulnerable, unable to do things themselves.
headliners shows the seven deadly stereotypes:
1. cute
2. little devils - bart simpson
3. brilliant - child prodigies
4. brave little angels - i.e. cancer
5. advanced - ellen show
6. victims of crimes - madeleine mccann
7. accessories - angelina jolie, david beckham

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3
Q

How are youths presented?

A

young people are mostly represented in terms of lifestyle and identity. Industries such as music or fashion, for example, often target their products and services at young people.

Teenage representation in media is sometimes negative - their behaviours are often shown to be a social problem. In these unfavourable portrayals, the challenges faced by teenagers or the positive things they do are neglected.

i.e. teenage boy gangs in media

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4
Q

Name some words to represent youths in the media.

A

troublesome, meddling, back in our day etc. moody, antisocial, rebellious, adaptable, woke, snowflakes

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5
Q

why are older people more vulnerable to media representations of youth?

A

they are around them less

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6
Q

How can moral panics be applied to youths

A

News media often portrays young people as immoral, consequently treating them like folk devils as part of a moral panic. For example, membership of youth in specific ‘deviant’ sub-cultures like Teddy Boys, or the consumption of drugs/binge-drinking creates disapproval in wider society.

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7
Q

Examples of shows showing negative youths

A

Skins

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8
Q

Shows that address youth complex issues

A

Sex education, Derry Girls

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9
Q

What 3 main narratives did Kelly find?

A

They are dangerous

They need protection

They are immature

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10
Q

Wayne - youth media

A

2000 news items across all the leading television channels in May 2006. They summarise that the youth are often depicted as a violent threat to society, and their perspectives or opinions are rarely shared.

According to Wayne et al., media conveys a unidimensional picture of young people that encourages fear and condemnation instead of understanding.

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11
Q

Why are youths presented in this way?

A

they are not the ones creating the media or with the money!
eval - new media

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12
Q

Is the representations towards youths changing?

A

yes, as a result of new media they now have a voice

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13
Q

How are older people represented?

A

A burden, grumpy, mentally challenged, infantile, confused, second childhood

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14
Q

What is the difference between how older men and women are portrayed?

A

Men are silver foxes, still in their prime where as women are seen as aging, less attractive, grannies etc
Top gun - replaced female actress with a younger person

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15
Q

Give examples of how elderly people are portrayed

A

grumpy - jay from modern family
burden - granddad from outnumbered
guy from up

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16
Q

how is the representation of elderly people changing

A

Lee et al. (2007) studied the representation of the elderly in adverts. They found that although they were underrepresented - being featured in about 15% of ads - more than 90% of those ads were positive.1

For example, they were shown as enjoying a second childhood – leading a healthy, active lifestyle by reliving their adolescence and doing things they had otherwise longed for.

Silver pound

In the positive portrayals of the elderly in media, they are often labelled as the golden agers - enjoying their lives to the fullest. Of course, this is not always the case for all groups of older people
Robinson - vibrant and intelligent

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17
Q

What are the four general representations of the working class

A
  1. the media gaze means representations of social class are filtered through the dominant ideology, results in more favourable stereotypes of upper middle class, underrepresentation of working class
  2. gives impression that we are all middle class, values are norms everyone should aspire to
  3. class is generally represented as a lifestyle choice rather than an economic catergory
  4. media news values - stories about the rich-> more likely to be reported
  5. the working class are devalued relative to the middle class across media formats, sitcoms, dramas, soaps, reality tv
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18
Q

How are the working class represented?

A

they are represented as lazy, low education, their fault etc. very negative portrayal. under-represented.
Cohen - fail to see the connection between deprivation and wealth

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19
Q

Media examples of working class stereotypes:

A

shameless
benidorm
eastenders
royle family
brassic
benefits street! - now ive got to learn how to read

working class newspapers consumers i.e. the guardian, thats life - controversy, little to do with politics

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20
Q

What are the four media representations of the working class?

A
  1. As dumb and stupid buffoons
  2. as a source of trouble and conflict
  3. living in a romanticized working class community
  4. as white trash, scums and chavs
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21
Q
  1. As dumb and stupid buffoons:
Study These Flashcards
A

justifies existing patterns of inequality - higher status need to supervise stupid working class. role model how they can achieve success

22
Q
  1. As a source of trouble and conflict
Study These Flashcards
A

presented as undesirable welfare scroungers, unable to cope with uncontrollable delinquent children
Newman - a problem i.e. welfare cheats
i.e. benefits street

23
Q
  1. living in a romanticised working class community
Study These Flashcards
A

call the midwife
revolves around pubs, shops, close knot community

24
Q
  1. As white trash and scums
Study These Flashcards
A

ASBOS, social housing, Murray suggests most of us are middle class, under class emerged = replaced image of them being hard working, medias way of devaluing the working class taste and culture, encourage audience to laugh rather than understand deprived communities

25
How are the middle class represented?
positive light, mature, sensible, successful and educated, coping with problems. 24 hours in A&E outnumbered, motherland
26
What do middle class representations help to confirm?
confirm and promote the dominant and hegemonic ideology of the normality of middle class life Madeline Mccann Shannon Matthews legitimises the class structure through suggesting people who are higher up deserve to be there are they are more competent and deserve our respect
27
How are the upper class represented?
well bred, cultured, superior, sometimes eccentric and odd but fundamentally respectable Downton abbey bridgeton the crown made in chelsea
28
How do pluralists view coverage of upper class?
providing what the audience wants - pick and mix insta, social media makes it more difficult to attach
29
how do neo-marxists view coverage of the upper class?
celebration of hierarchy and wealth encourages admiration and envy, promotes dominant ideology and seeks to legitimise existing social hierarchy Omaze house A03 - newman - outnumbered
30
How is ethnicity seen?
through a white gaze/ white eye BAME groups are underrepresented in heavyweight goals such as experts in a field
31
Give two examples of negative media stereotypes
Hall - black mugging - created a moral panic 9/11 - moral panic
32
Van Dijk - key stereotypes of black people
- black people as criminals - moral panics about black people - as a threat - as dependant - benefits - abnormal - unimportant - invisible black people - no bad or good reports
33
Why are ethnic minorities portrayed this way?
BAME groups are not creating the news, it is seen through a white gaze and what we want to see - creates an us and them reinforce and maintain stereotypes
34
Is there a changing picture towards ethnic groups in media?
new media and citizen journalism - have a voice, more positive outlook - not reinforcing the negative stereotypes new media has meant editors become accountable and face more backlash Luther - Idris Elba plays the lead Lucifer - devil white angel, black panther little mermaid more diverse voice in the media
35
How is media filtered towards gender
through a male gaze, where women are portrayed as sexual objects for mens satisfaction Connell argues that gender identities are in art constructed by the media reproducing culturally dominant stereotypes of men and women.
36
Female stereotypes in media
ditsy mother damsel in distress hyper sexualised slag / slut secondary character Beckdel test Top gun
37
Male stereotypes in media:
breadwinner strong protective knight in shining armour saviour Patrick Dempsey
38
How would pluralists explain media gender stereotyping
what the audiences want
39
How would feminists explain media gender stereotyping
L - as women gain more power they can break through the glass ceiling M - rooted in the need to make profit R - driven by patriarchal ideology, nothing will change
40
Is there a changing picture for gender?
McRobbie suggests there is a changing picture, in a postmodern society there is much more fluidity and flexibility in gender identities which weakens traditional stereotypes. Bisto gravy, fairy liquid ads The alternative view is that women are empowered by the media - nigela lawson, desperate housewives, barbie, loose women
41
how is sexuality represented in the media?
through a heteronormative lense - suggesting heterosexual is normal with hegomonic stereotypes and femininity. women are defined by attractiveness and men objects for women to lust over
42
what is the media representation of homosexuality seen through?
a white male heterosexual media gaze why? due to fear of alienating audiences the media has portrayed homosexuality as deviant and perverse. eval - new media
43
how are gay and lesbian characters symbolically annihilated?
gay and lesbian characters are often ignored, however we are more likely to see gay men than lesbian couples heart stopper sex education
44
why is there changing stereotypes in the media?
growing acceptance as a result of law change - equal marriage act popularity of gay male celebs postmodern = fluidity surrounding identity, if you are lgbt it is not a big deal anymore i,e. same sex couples on strictly
45
what is the impact of new media on sexuality?
new media means that lgbtq now have a voice and are able to discuss their experiences
46
what is the pink pound?
the lgbtq consumer market - want to make money
47
what is the sanitization of gay sexuality?
gill suggests that lgbtq sexuality is still viewed in a sanitised way, we rarely see gay men kiss or having sex in comparison to straight men done to avoid offending audiences or put off advertisers see lesbian couples engaging in sexual activity
48
is disability under represented or over?
largely ignored by mainstream media, symbolic annihilation = under represented
49
what are the negative representations of disability?
presented as disabled rather than ignoring their disability viewed through the eyes of a medical model rather than being viewed as people who can do
50
what are the media stereotypes of disability?
1. pitiable or pathetic = focus on what they cant do 2. sinister - nasty criminals 3. super cripples - paralympians 4. object of ridicule - lou in little britian 5. burden 6. non sexual
51
is the overall picture of disability changing
changing due to new media, becoming accepted and normalised - strictly = chris won as a blind person, not just their disability.

D: Media: year 13 content (6 decks)

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