Representations of Ethnicity

Question 1

ethnicity - neo-marxists (GMG)

Answer 1

ethnic minorities under-represented as representations filtered through the media gaze

Question 2

ethnicity - how many roles in TV programmes is by an ethnic minority?

Answer 2

1 in 7
under-represented in lead roles & presenters
populated in entertainment programmes

Question 3

ethnicity - representations of ethnic minority

Answer 3

ghettoised, marginalised
featured mostly on programmes about minority group issues
viewers rarely see the reality of their lives and issues reflected on TV

Question 4

ethnicity - where are african caribbean found more in?

Answer 4

programmes about social issues
sport
music
comedy
growing representation in children’s TV than prime-time TV
rather than heavy weight roles an subject of serious matter

Question 5

ethnicity - percentage of ethnic minorities in UK adverts?

Answer 5

5.3%

2010

Question 6

ethnicity - black women models

Answer 6

under-represented in advertising industry

naomi campbell: ‘‘this business is about selling and blond and blue-eyed girls are what sells”

Question 7

ethnicity - tokenism

Answer 7

asian/black actors included so programme makers avoid being accused of prejudice/discrimination

Question 8

ethnicity - scapegoats

Answer 8

black/asians presented in negative stereotypes
symbolically annihilated
combined with news values produces stories that attract audiences

Question 9

ethnicity - deviants & law breakers

Answer 9

black people 2x likely than whites to be portrayed as criminals in the context of crime
committing crime more likely to be reported than victims of crime
black boys portrayed as dangerous/threatening group

Question 10

ethnicity - neo-marxists (hall)

Answer 10

extent of black crime exaggerated to maintain symbol of black mugger and hegemony of ruling-class ideology 
distracting the public attention from wider crisis

Question 11

ethnicity - posing a threat

Answer 11

‘alien’ culture that is a threat to british culture/values
immigration is a threat to british way of life and jobs
exaggerate rare events (forced marriages, honour killings) to give misleading impression

Question 12

ethnicity - causing social problems, conflict & trouble

Answer 12

racial problems, ethnic-related riots, underachieving black students, illegal immigrants, welfare scroungers, lone parents
inadequate individuals than people with social problems

Question 13

ethnicity - asylum seekers

Answer 13

economic migrants wanting to work illegally rather than people escaping persecution

Question 14

ethnicity - having limited talents and skills

Answer 14

shown in low-paid work

people who do well in sport/music but not as academic/professional successes

Question 15

ethnicity - having problems internationally

Answer 15

developing countries chaotic, epidemics, child soldiers. famine conditions civil wars
need western population to help solve their problems for them
british television coverage of developing countries study (GMG); disasters/terrorism main categories but little context given

Question 16

ethnicity - islamophobia

Answer 16

worldwide coverage of suicide bombings by islamic extremists led to stereotyping of muslims as a threat to public safety & brtiish values
e.g. establish sharia law than british law

Question 17

ethnicity - percentage of negative articles about muslims?

Answer 17

91%

in national newspapers (2007)

Question 18

ethnicity - muslim as a stigmatised identity

Answer 18

muslim evokes images of terror

abnormal/undesirable identity that excludes people from full acceptance in society

Question 19

ethnicity -fashionable islamophobia

Answer 19

anti-muslim hatred in britain seen as normal/acceptable to talk about in prejudiced way without social stigma of being prejudiced

Question 20

ethnicity - muslims views on negative portrays

Answer 20

concerned as it only shows certain aspects of islamic faith
british muslim have little sympathy for terrorism, they accept the norms of british life
the sun - “1 in 5 british muslims sympathise for jihadists”, recieved 3000 complaints

Question 21

ethnicity - pluralist explanation of stereotyping

Answer 21

representations reflect journalists news values and provides what audiences what

Question 22

ethnicity - net-marxists explanation of stereotyping

Answer 22

media gaze reinforces racist stereotypes, cultural hegemony, supremacy of white culture making ethnic minorities vulnerable to discrimination 
scapegoating minorities for problems of white workers diverts attention away from the inequalities/deprivation they face 
protects interests of dominant social class
media-generated moral panics reasserts ruling-class hegemony in society

Question 23

ethnicity - negative effects of representations of ethnic minorities on white audiences

Answer 23

encouraged by representations of cultural differences to define themselves as superior
creating an us and them culture

Question 24

ethnicity - changing stereotypes of ethnicity

Answer 24

black culture appreciation has grown
more black/asian figures in the media and greater commitment to recruit more ethnic minorities
more media outlets aimed at black/asians
digital technology enables range of programmes
younger people put their views across and counter negative ethnic stereotypes/reports