Repro Flashcards by Calen Avelino

Body organ tht produces the cells necessary for reproducton

Gonad

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When stimulated, this part of the beain synthesized and releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This gland release FSH and LH

Anterior Pituitary

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Anterior pituitary gland release hormone/s called?

FSH and LH

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which hormone influences the enlargement of labia majora, clitoris, and the formation of axilla/pubic hair?

Testorsterone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Term for beggining of breast development

thelarche

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A rugated, skin-covered, muscular pouch suspended from the perineum.

-support the testes
-regulates temperature of the sperm

Scrotum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Episodic uterine bleeding in response to cylic hormonal changes

Menstrual cycle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Purpose of menstrual cycle

bring an ovium to maturity
renew uterine tissue bed

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Average length of menstrual cycle

28 days

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

term for menstrual flow

menses

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It is released from the hyphothalamus that stimulates the menstrual cycle

GnRH

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

4 organs involved in the physiology of mentrsual cycle

hyphothalamus, pituitary gland, ovaries, and uterus.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

part of anterior pituitary gland that produces two hormones

adenohyphophysis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hormone that is active in early in the cycle and is responsible for the maturation of ovum.

FSH

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

(Hormone)

-Most active at the middle of the cycle
-Responsible for the ovulation
-Release of the mature egg cells from the ovary
-Stimulates the growth of uterine lining during
the second half of menstrual cycle

Luteinizing Hormone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Small ovum (size of a period) surrounded with follicular membrane and fluid

Grafiaan Follicle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

remnants of ovarian follicle / ruptured grafiaan follicle

corpus luteum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

average amount of menstrual flow

30-80 mL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It happens when the ovum is set free from the surface of the ovary

Ovulation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

T or F

basal body temp drops slightly by 0.5 to 1F before the day of ovulation because of extreme level of progesterone

True

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

“yellow body”

corpus luteum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

“white body”

corpus albicans

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Uterine Phases

-immediately after a menstrual flow (during
first 5 or 4 days of a cycle) the endometrium, or
lining of the uterus is very thin
-the ovary begins to produce estrogen (causes endometrium to grow rapidly as much as eightfold)

Proliferative

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Uterine Phases -After Ovulation: endometrium become corkscrew or twisted in appearance and dilated with quantities of glycogen and protein. -Appears as rich, spongy velvet

Secretory

Uterine Phases -If fertilization does not occur the corpus luteum in the ovary begins to regress after 8-10 days. -endometrium of the uterus begins to degenerate; capillaries rupture with minute hemorrhages and endometrium sloughs off

Ischemic

Uterine Phases - is actualy the end of of an arbitrarily defined menstrual cycle.

Menses

test to determine that ovulation is about to happen by stretching a cervical mucus between thumb and finger

spinnbarkeit

pattern fern test shows

aborization / ferning

the study of the male reproductive organs.

Andrology

-Is a rugated, skin-covered, muscular pouch suspended from the perineum. -Function: to support the testes and help regulate the temperature of sperm. TESTES

SCROTUM

-Are two ovoid glands, 2 to 3 cm wide that rest in the scrotum. -Each is encased by a protective white fibrous and is composed of number lobules. -Each lobule contains interstitial cells (Leydig cells) that produce testosterone and a seminiferous tubule that produces spermatozoa.

TESTES

-Is composed of three cylindrical masses of erectile tissue in the penis shaft. -The urethra passes through these layers of tissue, allowing the penis to serve as both the outlet for the urinary and reproductive tracts in men.

penis

a condition in which one or both of the testes fail to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum.

Cryptorchidism

In males, this hormone is responsible for the release of Androgen binding protein

FSH

In males, this hormone is responsible for the release of testosterone from the testes

normal sperm count

100 million

cells that lies in the spaces between the functional cells

interstitial cells

-Tightly coiled tube (over 20 ft long) -It is responsible for conducting sperm from the tubule to the vas deferens. -Some sperm are stored in here

EPIDIDYMIS

passageway of sperm

ejaculatory duct

how many days does sperm maturation takes?

65 to 75 days

it is the absence of sperm

aspermia

fewer than 20 million sperm fer mL

oligospermia

-Reffered to as the spermatic cord -Sperm complete maturation as they pass through this. They are still not mobile at this point, however, probably because of the fairly acidic medium of semen.

VAS DEFERENS (Ductus Deferens)

-These glands secrete a viscous alkaline liquid with a high sugar, protein and prostaglandin content. -Sperm become increasingly motile because this added fluid sorrounds them with a more favorable pH environment. - secretes thick, mucuslike ++ it produces many of the constituent ingredients of semen. They ultimately provide around 70% of the total volume of semen.

seminal vesicles (also known as the vesicular or seminal glands)

-Is a chesnut-sized gland -Purpose: to secrete a thin alkaline fluid -thin milky secretions

prostate gland

-They supply one more source of alkaline fluid to help ensure the safe passage of spermatozoa. -main source of the pre-ejaculate fluid

BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS

-Is a hollow tube leading from the base of the bladder (8 inches or 18-20 cm long).

URETHRA

study of female reproductive organs

gynecology

-is a pod of adipose tissue located over the symphisis pubis, the pubic bone joint. -covered by a triangle of course, curly hairs, the purpose is to protect the junction of the pubic bone from trauma.

MONS VENERIS

-posterior to the mons veneris spread two hairless folds of connective tissue, -pink in color -the area is abundant with sebaceous glands, so localized sebaceous cysts may occur here.

LABIA MINORA

-are two folds of tissue -compose of loose connective tissue covered by epithelium and pubic hair -serve as the protection for the external genitalia

LABIA MAJORA

-is the flattened, smooth surface inside the labia -the openings of the bladder and the uterus (vagina) both arise from this space.

Vestibule

-is a small (approximately 1-2 cm), rounded organ of erectile issue at the forward junction of the labia minora -Covered by prepuce -Sensitive to touch and temperature -Center for sexual arousal and orgasm

CLITORIS

-(paraurethral glands) - secrete lubrication at the opening of the urethra

Skene glands

-vulvovaginal glands - secretions lubricate external genetalia during coitus

Bartholin glands

-is the ridge of tissue formed by the posterior joining of the labia minora and labia majora. -this is the structure that sometimes tears (laceration)

Fourchette

cutting of fourchette during childbirth to enlarge the vaginal opening.

(episiotomy)

-Tough but elastic semicircle of tissue that covers the opening of the vagina during childhood

Hymen

condition where hymen is so complete that it does not allow for the passage of menstrual blood from vagina

(hematocolpomerra)

-size and shape of almonds (approximately 3 cm long, 2 cm in diameter, 1.5 cm thick) -they are grayish white and appear pitted, w/ minute indentations on the surface. Function: -to produce, mature or dicharge ova (egg cells) -To produce estrogen and progesterone and initiate and regulate menstrual cycle -are held suspended and in close contact with the ends of the fallopian tubes by three strong ligaments that attached both to the uterus and pelvic wall.

OVARIES

-arise from each upper corner of the uterine body and extend outward and backward until each opens at its distal end, next to an ovary. Functions: -convey the ovum from the ovaries to the uterus -provide place for fertilization of the ovum by sperm

FALLOPIAN TUBES

-is a hollow muscular, pear shaped organ located in the lower pelvis, posterior to the bladder and anterior to the rectum Functions: -receive the ovum from the fallopian tube; -provide place for implantation and nourishment; -furnish protection to growing fetus and at maturity of the fetus, expel it from a woman’s body.

Uterus

-enlarges greatly to aid in accomodating the growing fetus during pregnancy. -portion where the incision is made when a fetus is born by a Cesarean birth

Isthmus of uterus

-act as the organ of intercourse and to convey sperm to the cervix -during childbirth, it expands to serve as the birth canal

Vagina

skin surrounding the nipple, darkly pigmented, about 4 cm

Areola

cells thar produces milk

Acinar Cells:

serves as the reservoir for milk before breastfeeding

Ampulla

-menstruation occuring with intervals of more than 35 days -a condition in which you have infrequent menstrual period -occurs in women of childbearing age

OLIGOMENORRHEA

the area appears rough on the surface: contains sebaceous glands: produce sebum, lubricates nipple and areaola during breastfeeding

Montgomery tubercle

-menstruation occuring with intervals of lesss than 21 days (normal menstrual cycle is between 24 and 38 days long)

POLYMENORRHEA

-prolonged menstrual flow

HYPERMENORRHEA

-also known as short or scanty periods -is extremely light menstrual blood flow

HYPOMENORRHEA

-regular menstrual cycles with excessive flow (more than 80 ml of volum) or menstruation lasting more than 7 days.

MENORRHAGIA

definitive characteristics that diff. the male and female

human sexuality

any physical / sexual stimulation preceeding

foreplay

finding pleasure by stimulation of one sexual organ

mastrubation

release of semen and sperm

ejaculation

oneself's image as male/female

sexual orientation

appropriate behavior according to the sex of an indiv.

gender role

describes the pre-dominant gender preference of an indiv.

sexual orientation

Repro Flashcards

(81 cards)