Repro anatomy

Question 1

The embryologic origin of the uterus is from fusion of the _______

Answer 1

two Müllerian ducts

Question 2

The ligaments attached to the uterus include the

Answer 2

broad ligament, round ligaments, cardinal ligaments, and uterosacral ligaments

Question 3

Segments of the oviducts are the

Answer 3

interstitium, isthmus, ampulla, and infundibulum

Question 4

Oviducts blood supply

Answer 4

They receive dual blood supply from the ascending uterine artery and
ovarian artery

Question 5

The ovaries are attached by the ____ to the uterine fundus, by the suspensory ligaments to the ______, and by the
mesovarium to the _____

Answer 5

ovarian ligament

pelvic side wall

broad ligament

Question 6

The vagina is a tubular structure,____ in length

Answer 6

8–9 cm

Question 7

The vagina traverses the urogenital diaphragm through the genital hiatus of the _____

Answer 7

levator ani

Question 8

Pubic Hair Tanner STage

• Tanner I: none (prepubertal state)
• Tanner II: ____
• Tanner III: ______
• Tanner IV: _________
• Tanner V: hair extends to medial surface of the thighs

Answer 8

small amount of long, downy hair with slight pigmentation on the labia majora

hair becomes more coarse and curly and begins to extend laterally

adult-like hair quality, extending across pubis but sparing medial thighs

Question 9

______ works best when adjacent tissues have differing echodensities, particularly
fluid/tissue interfaces

Answer 9

Ultrasound

Question 10

Pap smear should include cytologic specimens from 2 areas:

stratified squamous epithelium of ____ of the ectocervix and columnar epithelium
of the ____

Answer 10

transformation zone (TZ)

endocervical canal (EGG

Question 11

Screening for ____, the most common cancer of the cervix (80%), involves scraping the TZ.

Answer 11

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 12

The ______s the area of the ectocervix

between the old or “original” squamocolumnar junction (SCJ) and the new SCJ.

Answer 12

TZ

Question 13

At puberty the vaginal pH falls, causing the ________ to be transformed by metaplasia into _______

Answer 13

“native” columnar epithelium

normal-appearing “metaplastic” stratified squamous epithelium

Question 14

The TZ is the location where _____ of cervical dysplasia and cancer develop.

Answer 14

95%

Question 15

Screening for adenocarcinoma, the second most common cancer of the cervix (15%), involves scraping the _______

Answer 15

endocervical canal with cytobrush

Question 16

_______is an outpatient office procedure. It uses a binocular, short focal-length
instrument with a built-in light source to look at the cervix through a speculum

Answer 16

Colposcopy

Question 17

Purpose of Colposcopy

1
2

Answer 17

(1) visually identify where the abnormal Pap smear cells originated, and
(2) biopsy that area to send for histologic diagnosis.

Question 18

Areas for biopsy in colposcopy

Answer 18

punctation, mosaicism, white

epithelium, and abnormal vessels.

Question 19

_______is a minor outpatient surgical procedure performed in the operating room under either local or general anesthesia.

It is a diagnostic test that examines the histology of cervical lesions

Answer 19

Cold Knife Cone Biopsy

Question 20

Cold knife biopsy

• _______ is performed if the Pap smear shows changes more severe than the
colposcopically directed biopsy.

• ______ is performed if a lesion extends from the exocervix into the endocervical
canal

Answer 20

Wide-shallow cone

Narrow-deep cone

Question 21

_____ is a minor outpatient surgical procedure performed under local anesthesia.

It is a diagnostic test that examines the histology of cervical lesions.

Advantages are low cost, high success
rate, and ease of use.

Answer 21

LEEP

Question 22

LEEP technique

Answer 22

This technique is used for diagnosing and treating cervical dysplasia.

An electric current is passed through a thin wire loop to remove abnormal cervical tissues.

The heated loop seals off blood vessels as it cuts

Question 23

Long-term risks of LEEP include _____ and _____

Answer 23

cervical stenosis and cervical insufficiency.

Question 24

____ is a minor outpatient procedure performed without anesthesia.

It destroys dysplastic cervical tissue identified by colposcopy and cervical biopsy

Answer 24

Cryotherapy

Question 25

Long-term risks of cryotherapy include cervical______

Answer 25

stenosis.

Question 26

______ removal of the uterus, is a major inpatient surgical procedure performed under either regional or general anesthesia. It is used for both diagnosis and therapy.

Answer 26

Hysterectomy,

Question 27

______performed for early-stage cervical carcinoma, involves removal of the uterus, cervix, and surrounding tissues, including cardinal ligaments, uterosacral ligaments, and the upper vagina.

Answer 27

Radical hysterectomy

Question 28

A fiberoptic scope is placed through a previously dilated cervix to directly visualize the endometrial cavity. A clear fluid is infused through side ports of the scope to distend the uterine cavity, allowing visualization

Answer 28

Hysteroscopy

Question 29

The pelvic-abdominal cavity is insufflated with pressured carbon dioxide to distend the abdomen and lift the abdominal wall away from the viscera. Through a port that is placed through the umbilicus, a fiberoptic scope is then inserted to visually examine the pelvis and abdomen

Answer 29

Laparoscopy

Question 30

Common gynecologic indications for laparoscopy include 1 2 3

Answer 30

diagnosing and treating causes of chronic pelvic pain (e.g., endometriosis or adhesions), resecting advanced ectopic pregnancies, and diagnosing and lysing tubal adhesions in infertility cases

Question 31

______is a diagnostic outpatient radiologic imaging procedure performed without anesthesia. A cannula is placed in the endocervical canal and radio-opaque fluid is injected,

Answer 31

HSG

Question 32

_____ is performed similarly to an endometrial biopsy. However, the cervix frequently requires dilation with cervical dilators prior to introduction of the curette. The curette is used to scrape the endometrium, obtaining larger amounts of endometrial tissue that are then sent to pathology

Answer 32

D&C

Question 33

EMB technique

Answer 33

A hollow suction cannula is then placed into the uterine cavity and suction is applied. As the cannula is rotated, endometrial tissue is aspirated into it. When the cannula is removed, the retrieved tissue is placed in formalin and sent to pathology

Question 34

This is a minor outpatient office procedure performed under local anesthesia. It is a diagnostic test that examines the histology of vulvar lesions.

Answer 34

Vulvar Biopsy