REPRO-Female Reproductive System

Question 1

Label the image

Answer 1

Question 2

Why can you get sharp pains at ovulation?

Answer 2

Mature egg ruptures its follicle to leave the ovary

Question 3

Why do nuns tend to get ovarian cancer?

Answer 3

• Do not use contraception
• Do not get pregnant
• Maximum possible number of ovulations- stress to ovary leading to mutations

Question 4

What is an ovarian cyst?

Answer 4

Fluid filled cyst on the ovary, may be benign or malignant

May twist and get torsion of ovary leading to occluded blood supply to ovary

Question 5

Why can ovarian cysts be very dangerous?

Answer 5

When carrying out surgery to remove the cyst, it is unknown whether or not the cyst is malignant or benign

If malignant bursting the cyst may lead to seeding

Question 6

Label the image

Answer 6

Question 7

What are the layers of the uterine wall?

Answer 7

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

Question 8

What is the function of the fimbrae?

Answer 8

Collect egg from the ovary

Question 9

Why can you get constipation during pregnancy?

Answer 9

Expansion of the uterus can compress the rectum or the bladder

Can lead to constipation or urinary frequency

Question 10

Label the image

Answer 10

Question 11

What is the difference between the external os and internal os?

Answer 11

External os- opens into the vagina
Internal os- opens into the uterus

Question 12

What signs do you look for with cervical cancer?

Answer 12

New vessel formation - red and inflamed
Pale tissue growth
Ulceration

Question 13

How do fornices form?

Answer 13

Cervix bulges into top of vagina and forms the fornices

Question 14

What can happen to the abdominal viscera as pregnancy goes on?

Answer 14

Uterus expands

Stomach compressed by expanded uterus

Question 15

Label the image

Answer 15

Question 16

What do you need to do for all women who are experiencing abdominal pain?

Answer 16

Pregnancy test

Question 17

Where is the egg usually fertilised?

Answer 17

Ampulla

Question 18

What happens in ectopic pregnancies?

Answer 18

Fertilised egg implants in the uterine tube

As there is an opening between the peritoneum and the uterine tubes, may get intraperitoneal ectopics

Question 19

Why is an ectopic pregnancy an emergency?

Answer 19

Fallopian tubes are unable to expand and cannot accommodate a growing foetus

Can rupture leading to major haemorrhaging

Question 20

What cells are present within the fallopian tubes which help with fertilisation?

Answer 20

Peg cells- secrete nutrients and supportive factors for sperm

Cilia- waft eggs down to uterus, if immotile increases risk of ectopic pregnancy

Question 21

What do the uterine tubes open into?

Answer 21

Peritoneal cavity

Question 22

How can we check the patency of fallopian tubes?

Answer 22

Inject dye into the uterus, as the uterine tubes open into the peritoneal cavity the dye will leak, if there is no leak there must be a blockage

Question 23

What pouches are formed as a result of the broad ligament?

Answer 23

Pouch of douglas / rectouterine pouch

Vesicouterine pouch

Question 24

What ligaments are present in the uterus?

Answer 24

Broad ligament- Peritoneal fold
Round ligament- Remnant of the gubernaculum
Ligament of ovary- Remnant of the gubernaculum
Suspensory ligament of the ovary-neruovascular pathway bulging into peritoneum

Question 25

What are the different parts of the broad ligament?

Answer 25

All mesentries **Mesovarium**- attaches to the hilum of the ovary **Mesosalpinx**- encloses the fallopian tubes and connects to the ovary **Mesothelium**- surrounds the uterus and encloses the round ligament

Question 26

What does the ovarian ligament do?

Answer 26

Connects the ovaries to the uterus

Question 27

What does the suspensory ligament do?

Answer 27

Connects the ovary to the lateral abdominal wall Contains neurovascular bundles Formed by tenting of the peritoneum

Question 28

What does the round ligament do?

Answer 28

Connects the uterine horns to the labia majora by passing through the inguinal canal Keeps the uterus anteriorly due to tension pulling it forward, in pregnancy excess tension can cause pain in the labia majora

Question 29

Label the image

Answer 29

Question 30

Where does the ovarian artery originate from?

Answer 30

Abdominal aorta

Question 31

Where do the uterine and vaginal arteries originate from?

Answer 31

Internal iliac artery

Question 32

Complete the table

Answer 32

Question 33

How do you describe the position of the uterus and vagina?

Answer 33

Anterverted and anteflexed Ante**v**ersion- angle between cervix and **v**agina Anteflexion- angle between cervix and uterus

Question 34

What are the different positions of uterus?

Answer 34

Ante-flexed < 180 degrees **A** for acute, acute angles under 90, so definitely less than 180 Retro-flexed > 180 degrees

Question 35

What cells line the vagina?

Answer 35

Stratified squamous - to withstand abrasion Has vacuoles filled with glycogen

Question 36

Why does the vagina have vacuoles filled with glycogen?

Answer 36

Nutrients for lactobacilli to maintain low pH Allows for self-cleaning

Question 37

Label the image

Answer 37

Glans Clitoris and prepuce is the very top part Vestibule (space inside of labia minora)

Question 38

What is female genital mutilation?

Answer 38

Removal of parts of the vulva

Question 39

What needs to be considered when treating a transgender woman?

Answer 39

Trans women usually have a prostate, meaning woman may suffer from symptoms of BPH and/ or prostate cancer

Question 40

Label the image

Answer 40