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Virology > Repro, GI & Skin Diseases in Swine > Flashcards

Repro, GI & Skin Diseases in Swine Flashcards

1
Q

What virus family causes Porcine parvorius?

A

Parvoviridae (DNA, naked)

replication in dividing cells, intranuclear inclusion bodies

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2
Q

Does Porcine parvorius survive in the environment?

A

Yes, it is a parvovirus (naked!) and very stable in the environment for months

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3
Q

What does SMEDI mean?

A

Still-birth Mummified Embryonic Death and Infertility

Seen with Porcine parvovirus

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4
Q

Who is most effected by porcine parvovirus?

A

Naive pregnant pigs

Adult pigs are infected but not ill

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5
Q

What is the most important impact of porcine parvovirus?

A 
Reproductive failure (SMEDI -- Still-Birth Mummified Embryonic Death)
You do NOT see abortion early on, you see embryonic death or still born/mummified piglets
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6
Q

What happens if a sow is infected with parvovirus before 30 days of gestation?

A

Fetal death and resorption

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7
Q

What happens if a sow is infected between 30 and 70 days of gestation with parvovirus?

A

Still-born or mummified piglets

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8
Q

What happens if a sow is infected with parvovirus 70 days into gestation?

A

Piglets have lesions, but are less severely affected as they can amount an immune response

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9
Q

What is a sign that a sow was infected with parvovirus early on in her pregnancy?

A

She will go into heat again 3–8 weeks after breeding

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10
Q

You arrive at a farm and the farmer tells you that he bred his gilts about a month ago, and now several of them are in heat. What do you tell him?

A

They were likely infected with porcine parvovirus

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11
Q

What does ‘endocrinologically pregnant’ refer to?

A

Sows/gilts infected with parvovirus that do not return to estrus until after the expected time of farrowing

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12
Q

How does porcine parvovirus effect boars?

A

Low ferility

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13
Q

What blood work abnormality is seen with porcine parvovirus?

A

Leukopenia

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14
Q

What is unique about porcine parvovirus when compared to other parvoviruses?

A

Swine parvovirus causes persistent infection with chronic shedding

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15
Q

What diagnostics are used on fetal tissues in suspected porcine parvovirus cases?

A

IF of fetal tissues

Hemagglutination of guinea pig RBC

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16
Q

Why would you not use serology to diagnose porcine parvovirus?

A

Many pigs will have antibodies to the virus

It would only be useful in a clean herd

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17
Q

Why might diagnosis of porcine parvovirus be difficult?

A

If all infections occur in early pregnancy, resorption will occur and there is no specimen to send out

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18
Q

Are there vaccines for porcine parvovirus?

A

Yes (attenuated and inactivated) there is a small window of opportunity to immunize gilts that are bred before 7 months of age
Good immunological memory, infection of vaccinated pigs rarely result in fetal disease

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19
Q

What is the issue with gilts and parvovirus?

A

Maternal antibodies last about 6 months, and they are usually bred at 7 months. If they are bred too early, then their maternal antibodies will decline during pregnancy and infection rate is high

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20
Q

What is the role of boars in porcine parvovirus?

A

They shed it in their semen

21
Q

Are there immunotolerant pigs with porcine parvovirus?

A

Possibility, not proven

22
Q

What virus family causes Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE)?

A

Coronaviridae (RNA, enveloped)

23
Q

What are the four diseases caused by Coronavirus in swine?

A

1) Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE)
2) Vomiting and wasting disease
3) Porcine epidemic diarrhea
4) Respiratory disease

24
Q

In naive populations, who is most severely effected by Transmissible gastroenteritis?

A

Neonatal porcine (100% mortality!

25
Q

What are the clinical signs of Transmissible gastroenteritis in neonatal swine?

A

Vomiting and profuse yellow diarrhea, weight loss, dehydration, death within a week

26
Q

How does Transmissible gastroenteritis effect adult pigs?

A

Short course of disease, rarely any vomiting

27
Q

What are atypical outbreaks of Transmissible gastroenteritis in swine?

A

1) High mortality in adults pigs

2) Unapparent infection

28
Q

How long does it take to recover from transmissible gastroenteritis?

A

Not long, crypt cells are unaffected

29
Q

Which antibody is protective against transmissible gastroenteritis in swine?

A

Maternal IgA passed through colostrum

30
Q

How can you diagnose transmissible gastroenteritis?

A

Mucosal impression smears of intestines can be tested by IF

Virus isolation and serology

31
Q

Why would RT-PCR not be your first choice to diagnose transmissible gastroenteritis?

A

If the primer does not match, you will get a negative

32
Q

With endemic infections of transmissible gastroenteritis, when does disease appear?

A

When maternal IgA has declined

33
Q

Are there vaccines for transmissible gastroenteritis?

A

Yes – attenuated not very effective

34
Q

How can you protect pigs against transmissible gastroenteritis?

A

Giving virulent strains to pregnant sows, boosting lactogenic immunity in piglets

35
Q

Is depopulation recommended for outbreaks of transmissible gastroenteritis in swine?

A

No, next herd will likely get it too

36
Q

Can transmissible gastroenteritis be eradicated?

A

Yes, but it does not effect trade and it is not reportable. There is not enough motivation to eradicate it

37
Q

What temperature to Coronaviruses prefer?

A

Cold temperatures

They do not do well in tropical weather (enveloped RNA virus)

38
Q

What temperature to Coronaviruses prefer?

A

Cold temperatures

They do not do well in tropical weather (enveloped RNA virus)

39
Q

How should Grenada pig farmers prepare for possible outbreaks of transmissible gastroenteritis?

A

Prevention: risk assessment, biosecurity
Preparedness: inform farmers what to watch for, rapid detection of an outbreak and diagnosis confirmation
Response: quarantine, disinfection, proper carcass disposal

40
Q

What viral family causes swine pox?

A

Poxviridae (enveloped, DNA)

41
Q

How does swine pox effect swine?

A

Lesions limited to skin, no systemic disease

42
Q

How is swine pox diagnosed?

A

Clinically

43
Q

How is swine pox transmitted?

A

Louse (mechanical vector)

44
Q

How can you control transmission of swine pox?

A

Eliminated lice and improve hygiene

45
Q

What viral family causes swine vesicular disease?

A

Picornaviridae (RNA, naked)

46
Q

Is swine vesicular disease zoonotic?

A

Yes, – causes ‘influenza like disease’

47
Q

What are the clinical signs of swine vesicular disease?

A

Several pigs with sudden lameness

Transient fever with vesicles between heel and coronary band and between digits

48
Q

Where will you see vesicles in swine vesicular disease?

A

Between heel and coronary band
Between digits
10% of cases also on snout, lips and tongue

49
Q

Aside from causing lameness and lesions, what else can swine vesicular disease cause?

A

Encephalomyelitis (ataxia, circling, convulsions) VERY rare

Virology (5 decks)

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