Reproduction Flashcards
(102 cards)
What is sexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction involves the production of male and female gametes (sex cells) which then fuse together (fertilisation)
What does sexual reproduction lead to?
Variety in the off-spring
What are sperm and egg cells known as?
Specialised cells known as gametes
What is Meiosis?
These cells are produced by a type of cell division called meiosis
What are gametes?
Haploid
What does haploid mean?
Half the number of chromosomes (23)
Why do sperm and egg cells have to be haploid?
So after fertilisation you have a diploid organism
Where are sperm produced?
Testes
What is the male hormone called?
Testosterone
How big is the human sperm cell?
1/20th centimetres long
What does the flagellum do?
Beats rapidely to propel sperm
What does the streamlined head contain?
Enzymes
What are egg cells called?
Ova
Where are egg cells produced?
Ovaries
What are the female hormones called?
Oestrogen and progesterone
What do egg cells have?
A haploid nucleus which is produced by meiosis but they are much larger than sperm cells
Why so sperm need a lower temperature, and what temperature is this?
To develop normally and 35°C
Where does the scrotum lie?
Outside the body
Where does the sperm duct lead from?
Each of the testes to a point just below the bladder
Where does the sperm duct join with?
Urethra - which runs down the centre of the penis
Where is the urethra connected to?
Bladder as well as the sperm ducts.
What does the urethra carry?
Urine from the bladder as well as sperm.
BUT NEVER AT THE SAME TIME
Where is the prostate gland?
At the junction of the sperm ducts and urethra.
What does the glands in the penis create?
Semen for the sperm to swim in