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Life Science > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

DNA

A

The genetic material in the cells.

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2
Q

Chromosomes

A

Chromatin compacted into visible structures.

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3
Q

Cell cycle

A

The life cycle of a eukaryotic cell.

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4
Q

Interphase

A

The part of the cell cycle where the cell is not dividing.

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5
Q

Mitosis

A

Part of the cell cycle where the nucleus divides.

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6
Q

Do prokaryotes undergo or go through the process mitosis.

A

No, prokaryotic cells do not go through mitosis.

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7
Q

Cytokinesis

A

The division of the parent cell’s cytoplasm.

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8
Q

In what stage does a cell spend most of it times?

A

A cell spends most of its time in the interphase stage.

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9
Q

What happens during the prophase stage of mitosis?

A

The chromatin in the nucleus of a cell condenses and is visible under the microscope and the membrane around the nucleus breaks down.

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10
Q

In the prophase stage, what does the chromosomes consist of?

A

Each chromosome has two chromatids that are held together by a centromere.

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11
Q

What happens during the metaphase stage of mitosis?

A

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell with the centromeres being the same distance from each side of the cell.

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12
Q

What happens during the anaphase stage of mitosis?

A

The chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite sides of the cell, with both sides of the cell having a complete set of chromosomes.

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13
Q

What happens during the telophase stage of mitosis?

A

During this last phase of mitosis, a new nuclear membrane forms around each group of chromosomes.

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14
Q

What happens after mitosis?

A

After mitosis, cytokinesis results in two new cells and both new cells start the cycle again.

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15
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

Chromosomes that are found in pairs that have the same structure and size.

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16
Q

Sex chromosomes

A

Chromosomes that control the development of sexual characteristics.

17
Q

Diploid

A

Cells with a pair of every chromosome.

18
Q

Gametes

A

Sex cells

19
Q

Haploid

A

Cells that contain half the number of chromosomes

20
Q

Meiosis

A

A type of cell division that produces haploid sex cells

21
Q

Chromatid

A

Each half of a duplicated chromosome

22
Q

Centromeres

A

What chromatids are connected to each other by

23
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

When one organism produces one or more organism that is identical to itself

24
Q

Mitiosis

A

A type of cell division that produces genetically identical cells

25
Q

Binary Fission

A

The form of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes where the parent organism splits in two, producing two new cells

26
Q

Budding

A

When an organism develops tiny buds on it’s body that grow until it forms a new full size organism

27
Q

Spores

A

A specialized cell that can survive harsh conditions that can be formed by prokaryotes and eukaryotes

28
Q

Vegetative Reproduction

A

When new plants can grow from stems, roots or leaves

29
Q

Sexual Reproduction

A

When two parents each contribute a sex cell to a new organism

30
Q

Fertilization

A

when a sperm cell and an egg cell join together

31
Q

Zygote

A

The new cell produced after fertilization

32
Q

During meiosis I, what happens during Prophase I ?

A

The chromosomes are copied before meiosis starts. Each duplicated chromosome has two chromatids, pair up.

33
Q

During meiosis I, what happens during metaphase I ?

A

After the nuclear membrane breaks down, the chromosome pairs line up in the middle of the cell.

34
Q

During meiosis I, What happens during anaphase I ?

A

The chromosomes separate from their partners, and then move to opposite ends of the cell.

35
Q

During Meiosis I, what happens during telophase I and cytokinesis?

A

The nuclear membranes re-form, and the cell divides into two cells. he chromatids are still joined.

36
Q

During meiosis II, what happens in prophase II ?

A

The chromosomes are not copied again before meiosis II. The nuclear membrane breaks down.

37
Q

During meiosis II, what happens during metaphase II ?

A

The chromosomes line up in the middle of each cell.

38
Q

During meiosis II, What happens during anaphase II ?

A

The chromatids are pulled apart and move to opposite sides of the cell.

39
Q

During meiosis II, what happens during telophase II and cytokinesis?

A

The nuclear membranes re-form and the cells divide. Four new haploid cells are formed. Each has half the number of chromosomes.

Life Science (1 decks)

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