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Reproduction Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

Fertilisation

A

When a haploid sperm fuses with a haploid ovum

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2
Q

External Fertilisation

A

-Occurs outside of the body
-Usually occurs in water e.g fish and amphibians
-Eggs are laid in the water and sperm is released around them
-Not all eggs are fertilised and some are eaten by predators
-Many eggs are release to increase chances of successful reproduction

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3
Q

Internal Fertilisation

A

Occurs inside the body.Sperm is released in the female and the sperm swims to the egg.This allows for terrestrial animals to reproduce because gametes can’t survive dry environment.Fish,birds,mammals

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4
Q

There types of embryo development

A

-Ovipary
-Ovovipary
-Vivipary

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5
Q

Type of development where the eggs are laid and develops and hatches outside

A

Ovipary

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6
Q

Ovovipary

A

Internal fertilisation where eggs remain the the female and hatch inside ,obtain nourishment form the yolk

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7
Q

Vivipary

A

Development where the embryo develops inside the female ,nourishment form the placenta

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8
Q

Amniotic egg consists of ?

A

Egg that consists of
amnion carion
albumen,allantois,embryo ,air pocket and yolk

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9
Q

Function of Amnion

A

Secretes fluid called amniotic fluid which provides freedom for movement for the embryo ,acts as a shock absorber and regulates temperatures

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10
Q

Shell of amniotic egg

A

Calcareous/ leathery
-pores allow for gaseous exchange
-she’ll protects egg

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11
Q

allantois

A

bladder like structure that stores nitrogenous waste from embryo

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12
Q

albumen

A

stores protein from developing embryo

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13
Q

Precocial

A

Type where practically fully developed after hatching.Can move out of the nest after 2-3 days .Nests found on the ground .

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14
Q

Atricial

A

type of development where the young are not fully developed after birth.Stil Nest up in the sky ,the young are helpless after hatching .Yolk has less energy and they are poorly developed
Flying birds

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15
Q

Gametogenisis

A

The formation of gametes through mitosis .During puberty

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16
Q

Spermatogenisis

A

Germinal epithelial cells of the seminiferous tubule give rise to sperm.Sertolis and which protect and nourish the spermatozoon.Leydig cell secrete testosterone

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17
Q

Cells that secrete testosterone

A

leybig

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18
Q

acrosome

A

consists of enzymes that dissolve the surface of the egg

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19
Q

the middle piece of the sperm contains

A

mitochondria

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20
Q

Oogenisis

A

The formation of ova
The germinal epithelial goes through mitosis to form primary follicles.FSH is released and then one cells enlarges and undergoes meiosis and for 4 haploid cells form.One matures and 3 disintegrate.

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21
Q

Left over Graafian follicle is the

A

Corpus lutuem

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22
Q

Fallopians tube functions

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A

Carries ovum to the uterus
Site of fertilisation

23
Q

Vagina

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A

Acts as a birth canal,sperm is deposited here during copulation

24
Q

Cervix

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A

Tightly closed to protect the inner uterus

25
Endometrium
Soft tissue and blood vessels
26
hallow ball of balls
blastocyst
27
Secondary characteristics of females
Pubic and under arm hair Hips breast and abdomen fat accumulation breasts develop pelvic girdle widens
28
Day 1-5
Shedding of endometrium lining
29
Day 1-13
Fsh is secreted so primary follicle become graafian follicle .While egg matures oestrogen is released which stimulates the endometrial thickening
30
Ovulation
Day 14.High levels of oestrogen stimulate pituitary gland to secrete LH which cause Graafian follicle to burst and ovulation occurs cause egg is released into the fallopians tubes
31
Day 15-28
Corpus luteum is what’s left form the graafian follicle this releases progesterone which stimulates the endometrium to thicken further and maintain that .
32
Role of oestrogen
secondary sexual characteristics increases movement of cilia to the uterus stimulates lg repairs and builds endometrium
33
Role of progesterone
Thickening of endometrium prepares endometrium for implantation maintains thickening for pregnancy
34
Embryonic development
zygote mitosis morula mitosis blastocyst mitosis embryo implantation
35
Jelly layer function
allows the hydrolytic enzymes form the acrosome to digest a way into the egg
36
Thickens once a sperm enters the egg so no other sperm can enter
Cell surface membrane
37
Development of the embryo w the the nucleas
Gestation
38
Functions of placenta
Link between mom and foetus provides antibodies to provide passive immunity for the foetus serves as a mm organ for nutrients,gaseous exchange and excretion for the foetus serves as a micro filter that prevents any pathogens from the mom to enter foetus secretes progesterone for endometrium
39
vas deferns
pushing sperm into urethra through peristalsis
40
What hormone in contraceptive pills?
progesterone
41
When Progesterone is high what hormone is low?
Follicle Stimulating hormone
42
What is LH
luteinising hormone
43
Lei dig cells secrete ?
testosterone
44
Prevention in men
vasectomy
45
Prevention in women
tubal ligation
46
What does the prostate gland do?
Secretes a fluid that activates sperm and secretes a alkaline fluid that neutralises acidity of the coochie
47
Name the gland that secretes a fluid that neutralises the acidity of the urethra and the other function of this fluid
Cowpers gland it also acts as a pre ejaculate and it cleans and lubricators the urethra
48
Seminal vesicles
produces a fluid that contains sugars(fructose) that can be broken down for swimming
49
epididymis
stores and allows sperm to mature
50
seminiferous tubules
has germinal epithet which give rise to sperm
51
duct that forces semen out of the urethra
ejaculatory duct
52
Role of testosterone
Encourages maturity of sperm Develops male sex organs and maintains the secondary characteristics of male Causes deeper voice Promotes muscle development Promotes body hair and facial hair in males
53
Chorionic villi and endometrium form what?
placenta

Biology (3 decks)

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