Reproduction Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is required by targets for each hormone?
Receptors
What are the two types of hormone transport?
Free (in-solution) or bound (to binding protein)
True or false? Receptors are extracellular or intracellular to target cells
True
First messenger, what does the hormone bind to? What does it do?
Extracellular receptors, promotes release of secondary messenger in cell
What is an intermediary molecule that appears due to hormone-receptor interaction, and what are some examples?
Second messengers, ex cAMP, cGMP, Ca2+
What do second messengers do?
They may act as an enzyme activator, inhibitor, or cofactor and results in change in rates of metabolic reactions
What does amplification do in terms of hormones?
Magnifies the effect of hormones on target cells
What is the half-life of a hormone?
The time required for one half of a hormone to disappear from blood/body (determines how fast a hormone is metabolized)
When neurons release chemical messengers in blood it is called? What about across synapses?
In blood = neurohormones
Across synapses = neurotransmitters
Which messenger system is similar to signals sent through a landline phone?
Point to point
Which messenger system is comparable to radio signals or mobile phone signals? Why?
Systemic, because it sends hormonal messages to essentially all cells by secreting into the blood but only target cells/tissues respond
Which messages travel slower but have a longer lasting and widespread response on multiple tissues/cells at the same time?
Endocrine
When classifying reproductive hormones, what are the 4 types of biochemical structures? Provide an example of each
Peptides (GnRH), glycoproteins (LH, FSH), steroids (estradiol), prostaglandins (PFG2)
When classifying reproductive hormones, what are the 5 sources?
Hypothalamus, pituitary, gonads, uterus, placenta
When classifying reproductive hormones, what are the 4 modes of action?
Release of other hormones (releasing hormones)
Stimulation of gonads (gonadotropins)
Sexual promotion (steroids)
Luteolysis (destruction of corpus luteum)
What biochemical structure are most reproductive and other hormones of the body?
Peptide hormones
Estrogen, progesterone, and androgens are what type of biochemical structure?
Steroids
What are the 4 reproductive secretory patterns?
Pulsatile, surge, cyclic, circadian and circannual
What is the pattern of release of most hormones?
Pulsatile
Which reproductive hormone secretory pattern quickly reaches a peak and then declines to basal levels (half-life dependent)
Pulsatile
What is an example of a surge reproductive hormone secretory pattern?
Preovulatory GnRH/LH surge. Only in females, has a surge centre for very large amplitude pulses back-to-back for several hours to stimulate LH surge and cause ovulation
What is an example of cyclic reproductive hormone secretory pattern?
In females during reproductive age, reproductive hormones follow a general cyclic pattern, influenced by HPG axis and ovarian activity
What are some examples of circadian and circannual reproductive hormone secretory patterns?
Circadian - approaching puberty, LH increases in urine of boys at night
Circannual - reproductive hormones in seasonal breeders
Melatonin main signal for both patterns by reflecting length of night
What are some examples of circadian and circannual reproductive hormone secretory patterns?
Circadian - approaching puberty, LH increases in urine of boys at night
Circannual - reproductive hormones in seasonal breeders
Melatonin main signal for both patterns by reflecting length of night
