Reproduction Flashcards
An organisms specific genetic sequence is called its ______________.
Genotype.
An observable trait of an organism which is the result of the expression of its genotype is known as a __________.
Phenotype.
Errors in DNA replication can give rise to gene ___________.
Mutations.
The random variation in the frequency of genes in a population is called genetic _________.
Drift.
Similarity in anatomical structures between different species is called anatomical __________.
Homology.
Variations in the sequence of a specific gene are called __________.
Alleles.
Gametes are haploid which means they contain _______ chromosomes.
23.
The _________ are the primary sex organs that produce gametes and sex hormones.
Gonads (testes and ovaries).
The _________ vesicles produce 70% of the volume of semen.
Seminal.
Testosterone is produced by ________ cells of the testes.
Leydig.
After meiosis, one spermatogonium generates ________ sperm cells (spermatozoa).
4.
During menstruation, the stratum ___________ of the endometrium is shed.
Functionalis.
During metaphase I of meiosis, genetic diversity can be increased by __________ of chromosomal segments.
Crossing-over.
The formation of the cervical mucus plug is promoted by the hormone ____________.
Progesterone.
The stratum functionalis of the endometrium thickens leading up to ovulation during the ________ phase of the uterine cycle.
Proliferative.
Progesterone promotes a healthy stratum functionalis to prepare for embryo implantation during the _________ phase of the uterine cycle.
Secretory.
Ovulation is promoted by a surge of LH and FSH caused by a ___________ loop in response to the oestrogen produced by the dominant follicle.
Positive feedback.
Declining progesterone levels cause vasospasm of the _________ arteries which leads to shedding of the stratum functionalis.
Spiral.
Before they can fertilise an ovum, sperm cells must undergo __________.
Capacitation.
Acrosomal enzymes released by the sperm cell are required to break through the ___________.
Zona pellucida.
A fertilised ovum is also called a ______.
Zygote.
The 2 cell populations that exist in a blastocyst are the embryoblast and the ____________.
Trophoblast.
The embryoblast divides into the epiblast and the __________.
Hypoblast.
The hypoblast goes on to form the ________.
Yolk sac.
