Reproduction

Question 1

What is the purpose of the fallopian tube?

Answer 1

Transport the egg from the ovary to the uterus

Question 2

What kind of cells are found in the fallopian tube that help the egg move through it?

Answer 2

Ciliated cells/cilia

Question 3

What is the purpose of the ovary?

Answer 3

Stores and releases egg cells

Question 4

What is the cervix?

Answer 4

This is a narrow opening between the vagina and uterus

Question 5

In which part of the female reproductive system does a foetus develop?

Answer 5

Uterus

Question 6

What fluid/s can be transported in a male urethra?

Answer 6

Urine or semen

Question 7

What fluid/s can be transported in a female urethra?

Answer 7

Urine only

Question 8

What is the purpose of the glands (part 4?)

Answer 8

Add fluid to the sperm to make semen. The fluid provides nutrition for the sperm to give it the energy it requires to swim

Question 9

What is the purpose of the testes?

Answer 9

Production of sperm

Question 10

What hormone is produced by the testes?

Answer 10

Testosterone

Question 11

What hormones are produced by the ovaries?

Answer 11

Oestrogen and progesterone

Question 12

Why are the testes outside of the body?

Answer 12

Lower temperature is better for sperm production

Question 13

What is the period of life called between childhood and adulthood

Answer 13

Adolescence

Question 14

What is puberty?

Answer 14

the period during which adolescents reach sexual maturity and become capable of reproduction.

Question 15

What controls the changes that happen during puberty?

Answer 15

Hormones (in males - testosterone, in females - oestrogen and progesterone)

Question 16

Give 3 examples of male changes during puberty

Answer 16

voice breaks, hair grows on face and body, body becomes more muscular, testes start to produce sperm, pubic and underarm hair grows, sexual organs grow and develop

Question 17

Give 3 examples of female changes during puberty

Answer 17

pubic and underarm hair grows, sexual organs grow and develop, voice deepens gradually, hips get wider, breasts develop, menstruation starts

Question 18

The menstrual cycle is approximately how many days long?

Answer 18

28

Question 19

What happens on the first day of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 19

Menstruation (period) starts

Question 20

What is menstruation (a period)?

Answer 20

The lining of the uterus comes away and exits through the vagina as blood.

Question 21

What is ovulation?

Answer 21

When an egg is released by an ovary into the oviduct.

Question 22

Approximately when during the menstrual cycle does ovulation occur?

Answer 22

Middle of the cycle (day 14)

Question 23

What happens to the lining of the uterus if the egg is not fertilised?

Answer 23

It breaks down

Question 24

What happens to the lining of the uterus if the egg is fertilised?

Answer 24

It does not break down

Question 25

What is sexual reproduction?

Answer 25

The process of bringing together the egg and the sperm

Question 26

What is fertilisation?

Answer 26

The process in which the nucleus of a sperm cell joins with the nucleus of an egg cell

Question 27

Describe the journey of the sperm through the male and female reproductive system (list the parts it must pass through)

Answer 27

Testis - sperm duct - male urethra - penis - vagina - cervix - uterus - oviduct

Question 28

Describe 2 sperm adaptations that help it perform its function

Answer 28

Tail - helps them swim to the egg. Mitochondria - helps give the sperm energy. Digestive enzymes - help the sperm penetrate the egg cell membrane. Streamlined shape - help the sperm break down the egg’s outer layer.

Question 29

Describe egg adaptations that help it perform its function (fertilisation)

Answer 29

Jelly coating- helps by only letting in one sperm. Nutrients - act as a food source for the developing foetus.

Question 30

How do non-identical twins occur?

Question 31

How do identical twins occur?

Question 32

What do we call the period of foetel development from conception to birth?

Answer 32

Gestation

Question 33

What is formed when the sperm nucleus fuses with the egg nucleus?

Answer 33

Zygote

Question 34

After cell division, what does a zygote then form?

Answer 34

Embryo

Question 35

After further cell division, what does an embryo become?

Answer 35

Foetus

Question 36

How long is the human gestation period?

Answer 36

40 weeks

Question 37

What are 2 functions of the placenta

Answer 37

Provide nutrients (food and water) to the developing foetus Provide oxygen to the developing foetus (for respiration) Waste substance (e.g. carbon dioxide) removal.

Question 38

Where is testosterone produced?

Answer 38

In the testes