reproduction Flashcards
(9 cards)
1
Q
what does DNA stand for?
A
deoxyribonucleic acid.
2
Q
what are chromosomes?
A
very long molecules of DNA.
3
Q
what is a gene?
A
a small section of DNA on a chromosome.
4
Q
what does a gene do?
A
tells cells to make a specific sequence of amino acids. (to make a protein)
5
Q
what is a genome?
A
the name for all the genetic material in an organism.
6
Q
what makes up DNA? (long)
A
- polymers made of units called nucleotides.
nucleotides - sugar, phosphate, base. - the sugar and phosphate make the coily bit of DNA, the base joins to the sugar to make the bridge parts of DNA.
- each base links to a base on the other helix strand. (A-T or C-G)
- the order of bases determines the amino acid order.
- amino acids join to make proteins.
7
Q
what are the base pairs? (DNA)
A
A-T, C-G
8
Q
how do ribosomes make proteins?
A
- ribosomes need DNA code but the DNA can’t fit out the nucleus.
- code is copied from DNA to make mRNA.
- mRNA goes to the ribosome.
- carrier molecules bring the correct amino acids to the ribosome.
9
Q
what are mutations?
A
changes to the sequence of bases in DNA.
