Reproduction Flashcards
(31 cards)
What is gametogenesis?
The process of producing sperm and ova
What role does the menstrual cycle play in pregnancy?
Prepares the female body for potential pregnancy through hormonal changes
What occurs during conception?
A sperm fertilizes an ovum, forming a zygote that undergoes cell division and implantation
How long does pregnancy typically last?
About 40 weeks, divided into three trimesters
What are biophysical factors affecting pregnancy outcomes?
Maternal age, pre-existing health conditions, and genetic predispositions
What are psychosocial factors that can influence maternal health?
Mental health, stress levels, and support systems
How do sociodemographic factors impact pregnancy risk?
Socioeconomic status, education level, and access to healthcare
What are environmental factors that may affect fetal development?
Exposure to harmful substances, pollutants, and living conditions
Who are populations at risk for high-risk pregnancy?
Adolescents, older mothers, and those with a history of pregnancy complications
What individual risk factors may affect pregnancy?
Chronic illnesses, previous pregnancy losses, smoking, and substance abuse
What are teratogens?
Substances that can cause malformations in a developing fetus
What maternal infectious agents can lead to fetal complications?
Rubella and syphilis
What is the impact of maternal hyperthermia during early pregnancy?
Can be harmful, particularly in the first trimester
What major changes occur in fetal circulation?
Blood bypasses the liver and lungs via ductus venosus, foramen ovale, and ductus arteriosus
What are presumptive signs of pregnancy?
Nausea, fatigue, and missed periods
What are probable signs of pregnancy?
Abdominal enlargement and cervical softening
What are positive signs of pregnancy?
Fetal heart sounds and ultrasound visualization
What cardiovascular changes occur during pregnancy?
Expanded blood volume and increased cardiac output
What is supine hypotensive syndrome?
Dizziness caused by uterine compression of major blood vessels
What gastrointestinal symptoms are common during pregnancy?
Heartburn and increased salivation
What complications are associated with multifetal pregnancies?
Gestational diabetes and hypertension
What characterizes preeclampsia?
Hypertension and proteinuria resulting from generalized vasospasm
What is HELLP syndrome?
A severe form of preeclampsia involving hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count
What are the classifications of placenta previa?
Marginal, partial, and total
