Reproduction

Question 1

What is the process involving the fusion of the nuclei of two gametes to form a zygote?

Answer 1

Sexual reproduction

It involves the production of genetically different offspring.

Question 2

How many parent organisms are required for sexual reproduction?

Answer 2

Two

Question 3

What type of cell division produces gametes in sexual reproduction?

Answer 3

Meiosis

Question 4

What type of cell division occurs after fertilisation in sexual reproduction?

Answer 4

Mitosis

Question 5

What is the genetic relationship between offspring produced by sexual reproduction and their parents?

Answer 5

Genetically different

Question 6

What percentage of DNA do offspring share with each parent in sexual reproduction?

Answer 6

50%

Question 7

Is sexual reproduction a fast or slow process?

Answer 7

Relatively slow

Question 8

What advantage does variation introduced by sexual reproduction provide to populations?

Answer 8

Survival advantage

Question 9

What is asexual reproduction?

Answer 9

The process resulting in genetically identical offspring from one parent

Question 10

Does asexual reproduction involve gametes or fertilisation?

Answer 10

No

Question 11

How many parent organisms are required for asexual reproduction?

Answer 11

One

Question 12

What is the genetic relationship between offspring produced by asexual reproduction?

Answer 12

Genetically identical to the parent and to each other

Question 13

What is a major benefit of asexual reproduction over sexual reproduction?

Answer 13

Occurs much more quickly and efficiently

Question 14

What is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?

Answer 14

Lack of genetic variation

Question 15

Which type of organisms commonly reproduce via asexual reproduction?

Answer 15

Many plants

Question 16

What is binary fission?

Answer 16

A type of asexual reproduction in bacteria

Question 17

What is the number of parent organisms in asexual reproduction?

Answer 17

One

Question 18

What type of cell division is required to produce offspring in asexual reproduction?

Answer 18

Mitosis

Question 19

What type of cell division is required for sexual reproduction?

Answer 19

Meiosis (to produce gametes)

Question 20

How many sources of genetic variation are there in sexual reproduction?

Answer 20

Three

Question 21

What are the three sources of genetic variation in sexual reproduction?

Answer 21

• Contribution of 50% DNA from each parent
• Production of gametes by meiosis
• Random assortment of chromosomes during meiosis

Question 22

How many offspring are usually produced in asexual reproduction?

Answer 22

Relatively large numbers

Question 23

How long does it usually take to produce offspring in asexual reproduction?

Answer 23

Usually relatively fast

Question 24

What are gametes?

Answer 24

Sex cells produced by meiosis

Question 25

What are the human gametes called?

Answer 25

Sperm and ovum

Question 26

What do gametes contain in terms of chromosomes?

Answer 26

Half the number of chromosomes compared to normal body cells

Question 27

What adaptation do sperm cells have?

Answer 27

A tail to propel them towards the egg

Question 28

What adaptation do egg cells have?

Answer 28

Energy stores within the cytoplasm

Question 29

What is fertilisation?

Answer 29

The fusion of a male and female gamete to produce a zygote

Question 30

What does the zygote divide into after fertilisation?

Answer 30

Embryo

Question 31

What occurs during the development of the zygote?

Answer 31

Cells start to become specialised

Question 32

Where does fertilisation occur in humans?

Answer 32

In the oviduct

Question 33

What is the chromosome count in a human zygote?

Answer 33

46 chromosomes (23 pairs)

Question 34

How is fertilisation achieved in plants?

Answer 34

When a pollen tube delivers the male nucleus into the ovary