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Biology 30 > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

corpus luteum

A

Secretes:
-progesterone; maintains endometrium
– estrogen; builds endometrium
– lasts 10 days

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2
Q

Primary sex characteristics

A

Any structure [Organ, Duct or gland] that plays a direct role in reproduction

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3
Q

Secondary sex characteristics

A

Stimulated by testosterone and estrogen

-distinguishes male from female

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4
Q

Sperm cells

A

Male gametes

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5
Q

Testes

A

Male gonads

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6
Q

Scrotum

A

Sack that contains testes; control temperature

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7
Q

Semeniferous tubules

A

Where sperm cells are made

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8
Q

Sertoli cells

A

Support cell for sperm; nourishes developing sperm

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9
Q

Epididymis

A
  • Site of sperm maturation

- located on top of testes

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10
Q

Vas deferens

A

Storage duct from the epididymis leading to the penis via ejaculatory duct.

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11
Q

Ejaculatory duct

A

Regulates movement of sperm

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12
Q

Seminal vesicles

A

Adds fructose and Prostaglandins did the seminal fluid

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13
Q

Prostate gland

A

Adds buffers to seminal fluid to battle vagina environment

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14
Q

Cowpers gland/ bulb urethral gland

A

Adds mucus to seminal fluid for urethra environment

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15
Q

Semen

A

Seminal fluid and sperm

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16
Q

Urethra

A

Carries seminal fluid and urine to the exterior

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17
Q

Ovaries

A

Female. Gonads

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18
Q

Ova

A

Egg

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19
Q

Follicle

A

Structure with an ovary that contains Oocyte

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20
Q

Ovulation

A

Maturing follicle pushes against walls of ovaries to enter oviduct

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21
Q

Fimbriae

A

Fingerlike structures that guide egg into the oviduct

-located on top of ovaries

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22
Q

Fallopian tube

A

Connects ovaries to uterus; site of fertilization

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23
Q

Uterus

A

Site of embryo development; site of implantation

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24
Q

Endometrium

A

Glandular lining that provides nourishment for the development of the embryo

  • progesterone: maintains endometrium
  • estrogen: builds endometrium
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25
Cervix
Muscular Banda separates uterus from the vagina - contracts before birth to practice expansion - hormones that stimulate contractions is [hCG]
26
Vagina
Sexual intercourse occurs here: uterus to the outer environment
27
Menstruation
–period | -shedding of endometrium
28
Sexually transmitted infection [STI]
Infection such as aids, chlamydia, or genital herpes that is normally passed from one person to another through sexual activity
29
HPV (human papilloma virus)
Virus responsible for condition known as genital warts: transmitted by skin to skin contact
30
GnRH
Gonadotropin releasing hormone: stimulates the release of FSH and LH
31
FSH
Follicular stimulating hormone: since stimulates release of testosterone and estrogen
32
LH
Lutenizing hormone
33
Testosterone
Stimulate secondary sex characteristics in male: aids in spermatogenesis.
34
Inhibin
Sends negative feedback to hypothalamus to stop secretion of GnRH
35
Andropause
In men, I gradual decline in testosterone level beginning around age 40; symptoms include fatigue, depression, loss of muscle and bone mass, and drop in sperm production
36
Menopause
Period in a woman's life during which a decrease in estrogen and progesterone results in end of menstrual cycle is usually occurring around age 50
37
Corpus luteum
Form from remaining follicle cells with an ovary: secretes estrogen and progesterone -is pregnancy does not occur, corpus luteum degenerates
38
Follicular phase
- Development of follicle cells - first stage of ovarian cycle [part of the menstrual cycle] - Time during which increased levels of FSH them like the follicles to release increased quantities of estrogen in Sumter just ran into bloodstream, leading to the release of an egg from the follicle
39
Luteal phase
– Second phase of ovarian cycle – Beginning with ovulation; Jurin the stage, listen icing hormone stimulates the formation of the corpus luteum, with secretes progesterone and some estrogen, which stimulates the in the thickening of the endometrium for implantation of the embryo
40
flow phase
Shedding of endometrium
41
Hormone replacement therapy
Administration of low levels of estrogen and or progesterone alleviate symptoms of menopause in females
42
Fertilization
Union of a sperm and egg cells to form a zygote
43
Zygote
Result of egg and sperm union
44
Cleavage
Rapid mitotic cell division with no cell growth
45
Blastocyst
64 cell stage: hollow ball of cells
46
Implantation
Process by which embryo becomes embedded in the endometrium
47
HCG
Hormone only present during pregnancy
48
Gastrulation
Change from that blastula to gastrula | >Gastrula: three germ layers are known as ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
49
Differentiation
The process and will become progressively more specialized as a result of gene regulation
50
Allantois
In the amniotic egg, I'm membrane that encloses space where metabolic wastes collect. >Extra embryonic membrane that forms the foundation for the umbilical cord
51
Amnion
Extra embryonic membrane that forms a transparent sack that encloses and protects the embryo and fetus
52
Chorion
- surrounds the entire embryo along with the yolk and allantoic sack - membrane developed from the trophoblast in the blastocyst: develops into the fetal part of the placenta
53
Yolk sac
Serves no nutritive function, but contributes to the formation of the digestive tract and produces the first blood cells and future eggs or sperm cells
54
Placenta
Organ within the uterus that is rich and blood vessels; attaches the embryo or fetus to do uterine wall and facilitates metabolic exchange >Allows the embryo to obtain nutrients directly from the mother
55
Umbilical cord
Tube that connects the abdomen of fetus to the mothers placenta in the uterus, and through which nutrients are delivered and waste is expelled
56
Parturition
The act or progress of giving birth
57
Lactation
The secretion and formation of breastmilk for the mammary glands
58
In vitro fertilization
Process in which eggs and sperm are brought together in a petri dish, where fertilization and cell division occurs. The developing embryo's are then inserted into the uterus.
59
Sterile
Used to describe men and women who are unable to have any children.
60
Infertile
Being unsuccessful to become pregnant
61
Tubule ligation
Cutting the oviducts and tying off the cut ends. this ensures that ovum never encounter sperm and never reaches the uterus [permanent birth control]
62
Vasectomy
Ductus deferens are cut and tied. the man is still able to have an erection and ejaculate, but his semen does not contain any sperm.
63
Stages in ovary
1. Follicular phase (FSH) 2. Ovulation (LH) 3. Luteal phase (LH)
64
Embryonic layers
1. Ectoderm 2. Mesoderm } produced by invagination 3. Endoderm
65
Layers: membranes around embryo
1. chorion 2. allantois 3. amnion
66
Gonads
Structures producing sex cells.
67
Tubule ligation
-sterilization of the mother -Prevents movement of ovum to ova duct >"tying the tubes" (severing the Fallopian tube)
68
Oral contraceptives (birth control pills)
Prevents ovulation -contains man made hormones : estrogen and progestin. > pill is taken daily to block the release of eggs from the ovaries.
69
Condom
- prevents pregnancy | - protects from HIV and STDS

Biology 30 (4 decks)

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