Reproduction

Question 1

What is puberty?

Answer 1

Developmental stage characterized by transition from sexual immaturity to maturity

Question 2

Adrenarche

Answer 2

Increase in androgen hormone production by adrenal cortex

Question 3

Thelarche

Answer 3

Development of breast tissue

Question 4

Menarche

Answer 4

Fist Menstrual Cycle

Question 5

Spermarche

Answer 5

First Sperm Production

Question 6

Pubarche

Answer 6

Pubic Hair Development

Question 7

What is normal age range for females to undergo puberty? What are the secondary sexual characteristics?

Answer 7

Age Range: 10-14

Secondary Sexual Characteristics: breast and alveolar development

Question 8

What is normal age range for males to undergo puberty? What are the secondary sexual characteristics?

Answer 8

Age Range: 11-16

Secondary Sexual Characteristics: penile growth and pubic hair development

Question 9

What are important things you need in an OB/GYN history?

Answer 9

• Menstrual History (age of menarche, duration, flow, cycle length, and last menstrual period)
• Breast History
• Last mammogram and pap smear
• Previous GYN surgeries
• History of infertility

Question 10

How do you document obstetrical history?

Answer 10

Normally: GxPx (G = number of pregnancies, P = number of viable births/offspring?)

Thorough GxPtpal

t: term deliveries > 37 weeks
p: preterm deliveries: 20-37 weeks
a: abortion <20 weeks
l: live delivery regardless of gestational age

Example: G5P3114

• 5 pregnancies
• 3 term deliveries
• 1 preterm delivery
• 1 abortion
• 4 live delivery (aka she has 4 kids)

Also include: method of delivery, age of delivery, any maternal/fetal/delivery complications

Question 11

What should be included in contraceptive/sexual history?

Answer 11

• Contraceptive method
• Currently Sexual active or not
• Number of partners last year or lifetime
• New partner in last 3 months
• Condom Use
• History of sexual abuse

Question 12

During what age range do you conduct pap smear?

Answer 12

Women ages 21-65

Question 13

How often do you conduct pap smear?

Answer 13

Every 3 years if normal pap smear
Every 5 years if normal pap smears + negative HPV testing
Annually if abnormal pap smear

Can stop after age 65 or hysterectomy for noncancerous reasons

Question 14

When do you order mammogram?

Answer 14

Women at age 50

Earlier for those at high risk

Question 15

What is a pap smear?

Answer 15

Papanicolaou test to screen for cervical cancer (normally from HPV strains)

Sample taken form ectocervix, endocervix, transformational zone, squamocoluman junction

Question 16

Which part of the cervix is most like to have precancerous lesion and cancers?

Answer 16

Transformational zone

Question 17

What is the difference between pelvic exam and pap smear?

Answer 17

Pelvic Exam is more comprehensive: internal and external genitalia

• Visual inspection
• Bimanual exam: insert finger in vagina and use other hand to palpate uterus and ovaries
• STI swab
• cervical motion tenderness

Question 18

What are symptoms of ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 18

Abdominal or pelvic pain with vaginal bleeding

Pregnancy related symptoms: breast tenderness, nausea

Question 19

What are symptoms of UTI?

Answer 19

Dysuria
Urinary Frequency and Urgency
Suprapubic pain
Hematuria

E. coli most common cause
Check for costovertebral angle (Lloyd’s Pouch)

Question 20

How often do you screen for Prostate Specific Antigen?

Answer 20

Not recommended to screen regularly!

Only in patients with family history of prostate cancer or showing signs

Question 21

What consists of a male genital exam?

Answer 21

Only perform one based on history and CC

• Inspection of scrotum, penile shaft, glans, inguinal region
• Palpate penile shaft and scrotum
• Retract foreskin
• Palpate inguinal region and examine for hernias

Question 22

What type of cancer is most in young males common?

Answer 22

Testicular Cancer

yay sam for taking care of himself

Question 23

What are symptoms of hernia?

Answer 23

Pain with increased intra-abdominal pressure

-Palpable bulge affected side

Question 24

Which STIs are bacterial?

Answer 24

Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Syphilis

Question 25

Which STIs are viral?

Answer 25

Herpes simplex 2 Human papilloma virus Hepatitis B and C HIV/AIDS *basically if it starts with 'h'

Question 26

What happens if STIs are left untreated?

Answer 26

``` Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Upper genital tract infections Infertility Chronic Pelvic Pain Cervical Cancer Chronic Infections ```

Question 27

How do you treat an STI?

Answer 27

``` Antibacterials and Antivirals Behavior counseling (safe sex practices, stress condom use, etc) ```

Question 28

How does gonorrhea present in males and females?

Answer 28

Males: Penile discharge and dysuria (can be asymptomatic) Females: Pelvic pain or mucopurulent vaginal discharge Complications: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, scarring of fallopian tube (infertility)

Question 29

How does chlamydia present in males and females?

Answer 29

Mostly asymptomatic Males: Penile discharge, pruritus, and dysuria Females: vaginal discharge, vaginal bleeding, pain during intercourse, dysuria Complications: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, scarring of fallopian tube (infertility)

Question 30

How does syphilis present?

Answer 30

Primary: chancre (painless genital ulcer) Secondary: Joint pains, fatigue, lymphadenopathy, mucopapular rash Latent Phase: Asymptomatic Tertiary: Neurosyphilis (confusion, headache, stiff neck, vision less)

Question 31

How does genital herpes present?

Answer 31

Single or clusters of vesicles on genitalia Burning, tingling, pain prior to vesicle appearance Complications: meningitis, PID, hepatitis, increase risk of HIV infection

Question 32

How does trichomonasis present?

Answer 32

Protozoa STI Males: mostly asymptomatic (small percentage will have penile discharge) Females: foul smelling or purulent vaginal discharge, vaginal pruritus, dysuria

Question 33

How does HPV present?

Answer 33

Genital warts Complications: cancer of oropharyngeal region or lower genital tract