Reproduction

Question 1

testes

Answer 1

organs that produce sperm and sex hormones

Question 2

scrotum

Answer 2

pouch of skin containing testes. It hangs outside the body to keep the sperm cooler than normal body temperature.

Question 3

follicles

Answer 3

sacs containing egg cells

Question 4

fallopian tubes

Answer 4

tiny tubes joining the ovaries to the uterus. Fertilisation occurs in one of these tubes.

Question 5

fertilisation

Answer 5

enetration of the ovum by a sperm

Question 6

puberty

Answer 6

life stage when the sex glands become active and bodily changes occur to enable reproduction

Question 7

hormones

Answer 7

chemical substances produced by glands and circulated in the blood. Hormones have specific effects in the body.

Question 8

menarche

Answer 8

the first menstrual period

Question 9

menstrual cycle

Answer 9

beginning of one period to the beginning of the next period

Question 10

sexual reproduction

Answer 10

joining together of male and female reproductive cells

Question 11

gametes

Answer 11

reproductive cells (sperm or ova) containing half the genetic information of normal cells

Question 12

sperm

Answer 12

male reproductive cell. It consists of a head, a middle section and a tail used to swim towards the egg.

Question 13

ova

Answer 13

female gametes or sex cells. Singular = ovum.

Question 14

zygote

Answer 14

cell formed by the fusion of two gametes; fertilised ovum before it starts to divide into more cells

Question 15

external fertilisation

Answer 15

reproduction where the eggs are released by the female into water and fertilised by sperm released nearby

Question 16

internal fertilisation

Answer 16

reproduction where the egg remains in the female and is fertilised by sperm inserted into the female

Question 17

copulation

Answer 17

the act of inserting sperm into the female; also called sexual intercourse or mating

Question 18

sexual intercourse

Answer 18

act of inserting sperm into the female; also called copulation or mating

Question 19

meiosis

Answer 19

cell division process that results in new cells with half the number of chromosomes of the original cell

Question 20

epigenetics

Answer 20

a new branch of science that involves studying the effect of our experiences on the expression of our genetic information

Question 21

nuclear DNA

Answer 21

genetic material passed on from both parents, from the nucleus of both the sperm and the ovum

Question 22

mitochondrial DNA

Answer 22

genetic material from the mitochondria, passed on only from the mother

Question 23

mtDNA

Answer 23

genetic material from the mitochondria, passed on only from the mother

Question 24

ejaculation

Answer 24

release of sperm

Question 25

semen

Answer 25

combination of fluid and sperm

Question 26

identical twins

Answer 26

twins developed from the same fertilised egg

Question 27

fraternal twins

Answer 27

twins developed from different fertilised eggs

Question 28

conception

Answer 28

embedding of a fertilised egg in the uterus wall

Question 29

contraception

Answer 29

prevention of fertilisation of an egg or prevention of a fertilised egg becoming embedded in the uterus wall

Question 30

contraceptives

Answer 30

devices or substances that prevent fertilisation of an egg or prevent a fertilised egg becoming embedded in the uterus wall

Question 31

pollination

Answer 31

transfer of pollen from the stamen (the male part) of a flower to the stigma (the female part) of a flower

Question 32

self-pollination

Answer 32

transfer of pollen from the flower’s own stamen to its stigma

Question 33

cross-pollination

Answer 33

transfer of pollen from stamens of one flower to the stigma of a flower of another plant of the same species

Question 34

insect-pollinated flowers

Answer 34

flowers that receive pollen carried on the body parts of insects from other flowers

Question 35

wind-pollinated flowers

Answer 35

flower that receives pollen carried by the wind from another flower

Question 36

anthers

Answer 36

the male part of a flower that makes pollen

Question 37

pollen grains

Answer 37

the male gametes of a flower

Question 38

pollen tube

Answer 38

long tube growing from a pollen grain through the style to the ovule

Question 39

style

Answer 39

the supporting part of a flower that holds the stigma

Question 40

ovules

Answer 40

receptacle within an ovary that contains egg cells

Question 41

ovary

Answer 41

in plants, the hollow, lower end of the carpel containing the ovules (the female egg cells); in animals, the female organ that produces ova and reproductive hormones

Question 42

fertilisation

Answer 42

penetration of the ovum by a sperm

Question 43

endosperm

Answer 43

food supply for the embryo plant in a seed

Question 44

seed

Answer 44

product of a fertilised ovule

Question 45

seed coat

Answer 45

the protective layer around a seed

Question 46

disperse

Answer 46

scatter the seeds from plants

Question 47

fruit

Answer 47

ripened ovary of a flower, enclosing seeds

Question 48

plumule

Answer 48

small bud at the tip of the embryo plant in a seed

Question 49

radicle

Answer 49

the beginnings of a root making up part of a plant embryo inside a seed

Question 50

cotyledons

Answer 50

special leaves of the embryo plant inside a seed that provide food for the developing seedling

Question 51

germination

Answer 51

first sign of growth from the seed of a plant

Question 52

seedling

Answer 52

young plant produced from the embryo in the seed after germination