Reproduction

Question 1

Male reproductive systems - 📣📣

Seminal vesicle

Answer 1

A gland that produces a nutrient-rich fluid that provides energy for the sperm cells.

Question 2

Male reproductive system📣📣

Prostate gland

Answer 2

Produces an alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acids produced in the vagina, which would kill sperm cells

Question 3

Male reproductive system 📣📣

Sperm duct

Answer 3

Transports sperm from the epidermis/epididymis to the urethra.

Question 4

Male reproductive system 📣📣

Cowper’s gland

Answer 4

Produces mucus that helps with the movement of sperm cells.

Question 5

Male reproductive system 📣📣

Urethra

Answer 5

Transports semen and urine out of the body.

Question 6

Male reproductive system 📣📣

Epididymis

Answer 6

Sperm cells mature and are stored here.

Question 7

Male reproductive system📣📣

Scrotum

Answer 7

Skin sac that protects the testes and holds the testes ‘outside’ the body, at a temperature that is 2°C below 37°C. This is the best temperature for the production of sperm.

Question 8

Male reproductive system 📣📣

Testes

Answer 8

Produces sperm cells and the hormone testosterone.

Question 9

Functions of testosterone (produced in the testes)

Answer 9

1. Development of male secondary sexual characteristics, such as beard, public hair, deep voice and a muscular body.
2. Stimulates the maturation of sperm cells.

Question 10

Structure of a sperm cell📣

Acrosome

Answer 10

Contains enzymes to digest wall of egg cell for fertilization

Question 11

Structure of a sperm cell 📣

Nucleus

Answer 11

Contains 23 chromosomes

Question 12

Structure of a sperm cell 📣

Mitochondria

Answer 12

Provide energy for swimming

Question 13

Structure of a sperm cell 📣

Tail

Answer 13

Used for swimming

Question 14

Female reproductive system📣📣

Fallopian tube

Answer 14

Connects the ovaries to the uterus, transports egg cells from the ovary; it is the site of fertilization.

Question 15

Female reproductive system 📣📣

Ovary

Answer 15

Produces egg cells, secretes progesterone and oestrogen.

Question 16

Female reproductive system 📣📣

Uterus

Answer 16

Carries the embryo and foetus during pregnancy

Question 17

Female reproductive system 📣📣

Endometruim

Answer 17

Inner lining of uterus; place where the embryo implants and the placenta forms.

Question 18

Female reproductive system 📣📣

Cervix

Answer 18

Lower, narrow part of uterus. It stretches to allow the baby through during childbirth.

Question 19

Female reproductive system 📣📣

Vagina

Answer 19

Receives the penis and semen during sexual intercourse; it is the passage through which the baby is born.

Question 20

Puberty

Answer 20

Puberty is the period in humans in which they experience physical changes in their bodies in order to be capable of sexual reproduction.

Question 21

Puberty in males

Answer 21

➡️Stimulated by testosterone
➡️Growth of male sex organs
➡️Start of the production of sperm cells
➡️Growth of public hair, facial hair and body hair
➡️Development of muscles and deepening of voice

Question 22

Puberty in females

Answer 22

➡️Stimulated by oestrogen
➡️Growth of female sex organs
➡️Start of the menstrual cycle and production of ova
➡️Growth of public hair
➡️Growth and development of breasts and widening of hips

Question 23

Menstrual cycle

📣Day 1-7

Answer 23

• Ovaries : New follicles develop and secrete oestrogen

* Uterus : Lining breaks down and is released (menstruation).

Question 24

Menstrual cycle

📣Day 8-13

Answer 24

• Ovaries : Mature Griffian follicle develops:
• The Graafin follicle moves to edge of the ovary
• It secretes oestrogen

*Uterus : Oestrogen stimulates the endometrium to become thicker and develop more blood vessels and glands.

Question 25

Menstrual cycle 📣Day 14

Answer 25

*Ovaries : Graafin follicle burst to release an egg cell. The process is called ovulation.

Question 26

Menstrual cycle 📣Day 15-22

Answer 26

- Ovaries : The Graafian follicle becomes a corpus luteum that secretes progesterone. - Uterus : Progesterone stimulates the endometrium to become even thicker and to develop more blood vessels and glands, ready to receive the embryo if an egg cell is fertilised.

Question 27

Menstrual cycle 📣Day 23-28

Answer 27

Ovaries : If fertilization does not take place: -The corpus luteum shrinks and stops secreting progesterone If fertilization takes place : - The corpus luteum remains active in the ovary and continues to secrete progesterone. - No more follicles develop in the ovaries. - No menstruation takes place.

Question 28

Development of the foetus 1

Answer 28

In the ovary a mature Graafin follicle burst (usually on day 14 of the menstrual cycle) and releases an egg cell. This process is called ovulation.

Question 29

Development of the foetus 2

Answer 29

Fertilization takes place high up in the Fallopian tube. The egg cell (containing 23 chromosomes) and sperm cell (containing 23 chromosomes) fuse to form a zygote (containing 46 chromosomes).

Question 30

Development of the foetus 3

Answer 30

The zygote divides by mitosis to form a morula, then a blastocyst, and finally an embryo as it moves down the Fallopian tube.

Question 31

Development of the foetus 4

Answer 31

It takes about 5 to 7 days for the embryo to reach the uterus.

Question 32

Development of the foetus 5

Answer 32

In the uterus the embryo settles on the endometrium and sinks into it, embedding itself in the endometrium. This process is called implantation.

Question 33

Development of the foetus 6

Answer 33

After implantation, the embryo produces many finger-like structures called villi from the outer membrane of the embryo, which is known as the chorion.

Question 34

Development of the foetus 7

Answer 34

The villi grow into the tissue of the uterus to form a placenta.

Question 35

Development of the foetus 8

Answer 35

The placenta is attached to the embryo by the umbilical cord. It has 2 umbilical arteries (which carry deoxyginated blood from the embryo towards the placenta) and 1 umbilical vein (which carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the embryo).

Question 36

Development of the foetus 9

Answer 36

The embryo is enclosed in a fluid-filled sac called the amnion. The fluid fluid is called the amniotic fluid.

Question 37

Development of the foetus 10

Answer 37

After about 8 weeks, the embryo develops structures such as limbs and all the organs of the body. Now it is called a foetus.

Question 38

Development of the foetus 11

Answer 38

Gestation is the period between fertilization and the birth of the baby. It is usually lasts for a period of 9 months (39-40 weeks).

Question 39

Development of the foetus 12

Answer 39

The stages involved in the natural birth process are: - Dilation of the Cervix (labour) - Expulsion other foetus - Delivery of the after birth (placenta) and extra-embryonic membranes