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Reproduction In Human Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

What is the primary purpose of the menstrual cycle?

A

To prepare the female body for potential pregnancy.

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2
Q

How long does the average menstrual cycle last?

A

Approximately 28 days.

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3
Q

What are the two main hormones involved in regulating the menstrual cycle?

A

Estrogen and progesterone.

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4
Q

True or False: Ovulation typically occurs on day 14 of a 28-day cycle.

A

True.

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5
Q

What is ovulation?

A

The release of an egg from the ovary.

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6
Q

Fill in the blank: The follicular phase of the menstrual cycle begins on the first day of __________.

A

Menstruation.

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7
Q

What happens during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

The body prepares for a potential pregnancy with increased progesterone.

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8
Q

What is the role of estrogen in the menstrual cycle?

A

To stimulate the growth of the uterine lining.

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9
Q

What occurs if fertilization does not take place?

A

Menstruation occurs as the uterine lining sheds.

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10
Q

What is the lifespan of an ovum after ovulation?

A

About 12 to 24 hours.

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11
Q

True or False: Sperm can survive in the female reproductive tract for several days.

A

True.

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12
Q

What is fertilization?

A

The union of a sperm and an ovum to form a zygote.

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13
Q

Where does fertilization typically occur?

A

In the fallopian tubes.

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14
Q

What is the term for the process of a fertilized egg implanting in the uterine lining?

A

Implantation.

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15
Q

What is the average duration of a human pregnancy?

A

Approximately 40 weeks.

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the organ where the fetus develops during pregnancy.

A

Uterus.

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17
Q

What hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining pregnancy?

A

Progesterone.

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18
Q

What is the placenta?

A

An organ that provides nutrients and oxygen to the fetus and removes waste.

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19
Q

True or False: The menstrual cycle can be affected by stress and lifestyle changes.

A

True.

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20
Q

What is the role of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the menstrual cycle?

A

To trigger ovulation.

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21
Q

What phase comes after ovulation in the menstrual cycle?

A

Luteal phase.

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22
Q

What is menarche?

A

The first occurrence of menstruation.

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23
Q

At what age does menarche typically occur?

A

Between ages 9 and 16.

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24
Q

What is menopause?

A

The cessation of menstruation, marking the end of a woman’s reproductive years.

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25
True or False: Menopause usually occurs between the ages of 45 and 55.
True.
26
What is the term for the period of time during which a woman is capable of becoming pregnant?
Reproductive years.
27
What changes occur in the body during the luteal phase?
Increased progesterone levels and preparation of the uterine lining.
28
What is the role of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the menstrual cycle?
To stimulate the growth of ovarian follicles.
29
Fill in the blank: The __________ phase follows the luteal phase and is characterized by menstruation.
Menstrual.
30
What is a zygote?
The fertilized egg that results from the union of sperm and ovum.
31
True or False: The embryonic stage lasts from implantation until the end of the eighth week of pregnancy.
True.
32
What is the term for the developing human from the eighth week until birth?
Fetus.
33
What hormone do pregnancy tests detect?
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).
34
What is the primary function of the amniotic sac?
To protect and cushion the developing fetus.
35
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the first stage of labor.
Dilation.
36
What is the second stage of labor?
Expulsion.
37
True or False: The placenta is expelled during the third stage of labor.
True.
38
What is colostrum?
The first milk produced after childbirth, rich in antibodies.
39
What is a common method of contraception that prevents ovulation?
Birth control pills.
40
Fill in the blank: The __________ cycle is regulated by hormonal changes in the body.
Menstrual.
41
What is the role of the corpus luteum?
To produce progesterone after ovulation.
42
True or False: Ovulation can be tracked using basal body temperature.
True.
43
What is the average number of eggs a female is born with?
About 1 to 2 million.
44
What is the term for the surgical procedure that prevents pregnancy?
Sterilization.
45
Fill in the blank: During the follicular phase, the ovaries prepare __________ for ovulation.
Follicles.
46
What is the main purpose of prenatal care?
To monitor the health of the mother and fetus during pregnancy.
47
What is the term for the process of childbirth?
Parturition.
48
True or False: The average weight of a newborn is around 7.5 pounds.
True.
49
What is the term for the first stage of human development after fertilization?
Cleavage.
50
Fill in the blank: The __________ is responsible for hormone production during pregnancy.
Placenta.
51
What is the term for the final stage of development before birth?
Fetal stage.
52
What is the role of oxytocin during labor?
To stimulate uterine contractions.
53
True or False: The menstrual cycle can vary greatly among different women.
True.
54
What is the term for the period of time when a woman is not fertile during her menstrual cycle?
Infertile phase.
55
What is anovulation?
The absence of ovulation.
56
Fill in the blank: The __________ hormone is crucial for the development of male reproductive organs.
Testosterone.
57
What is the primary function of the uterus?
To support the development of the fetus during pregnancy.
58
True or False: The menstrual cycle can be affected by hormonal imbalances.
True.
59
What is the term for the time it takes for the body to return to its normal state after childbirth?
Postpartum period.
60
What is the name of the hormone that initiates labor?
Oxytocin.
61
Fill in the blank: The __________ phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by the shedding of the uterine lining.
Menstrual.
62
What is the term for the process of a sperm cell penetrating an egg cell?
Fertilization.
63
True or False: The human reproductive system is regulated by the endocrine system.
True.
64
What is the term for the period of rapid growth and development of the fetus?
Gestation.
65
What is the function of the fallopian tubes?
To transport the egg from the ovary to the uterus.
66
Fill in the blank: The __________ phase occurs before menstruation and is characterized by the decline of progesterone.
Luteal.
67
What is the term for the surgical procedure to deliver a baby through the abdomen?
Cesarean section.
68
What is a common sign of pregnancy?
Missed menstrual period.
69
True or False: All women experience the same symptoms during menopause.
False.
70
What is the term for the first 24 hours after birth?
Neonatal period.
71
What is the significance of prenatal vitamins?
To ensure the mother and fetus receive essential nutrients.
72
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates ovulation.
Luteinizing hormone (LH).
73
What is the term for the process of the body returning to its non-pregnant state after childbirth?
Involution.
74
True or False: Breastfeeding can help in the natural spacing of pregnancies.
True.
75
What is the role of the endometrium?
To provide a nurturing lining for the potential implantation of a fertilized egg.
76
What is the term for the period of time before the onset of menstruation?
Premenstrual phase.
77
Fill in the blank: The __________ is responsible for the production of sperm in males.
Testes.
78
What is the primary purpose of contraception?
To prevent pregnancy.

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