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Secondary 2 Biology > Reproduction in Man > Flashcards

Reproduction in Man Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

Ovary

A

Produce egg, oestrogen and progesterone

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2
Q

Fallopian tube/Oviduct

A

Carries egg from ovary to uterus via peristalsis or cilia

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3
Q

Uterus

A

Allows foetus to develop

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4
Q

Uterine wall

A

Contracts to push baby out during childbirth

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5
Q

Uterine lining (endometrium)

A

Provides nutrients for foetus

Thickens monthly in preparation for implantation

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6
Q

Cervix

A

Holds foetus in the uterus during pregnancy

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7
Q

Vagina

A

Allows sperm to be deposited here during sexual intercourse

Acts as a birth canal

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8
Q

Scrotum

A

Hangs testes outside body to maintain cooler temperature for sperm production

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9
Q

Testes

A

Produces sperm and testosterone

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10
Q

Epididymis

A

Stores sperm temporarily

Allows sperm to mature

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11
Q

Sperm duct

A

Conducts sperm from epididymis to urethra

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12
Q

Prostate gland

A

Secretes alkaline fluid which neutralises the acidity of female reproductive tract

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13
Q

Cowper’s gland

A

Secretes a fluid which nourishes the sperm and stimulates it to swim to fertilise the egg

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14
Q

Seminal vesicle

A

Fluid from the prostate gland and Cowper’s gland are ‘mixed’ together to form a fluid called semen

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15
Q

Urethra

A

Conducts semen and urine out of the body

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16
Q

Penis

A

Erectile organ which enters the female reproductive tract during sexual intercourse to deposit semen

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17
Q

Acrosome

A

Releases digestive enzymes to digest outer layers of the egg for fertilisation

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18
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains a haploid number of chromosomes (23), so that when it fertilises the egg, the full set of chromosomes is obtained

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19
Q

Mitochondria

A

Releases energy during respiration to swim to egg for fertilisation

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20
Q

Flagellum

A

Lets sperm swim to egg for fertilisation

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21
Q

Male gamete: size

4

Study These Flashcards
A

Head, middle piece, tail
Nucleus has X or Y chromosome
60 micrometers long
Diameter 2.5 micrometer (head)

22
Q

Female gamete: size

3

Study These Flashcards
A

Spherical
Nucleus has only Y chromosome
Diameter 120 to 150 micrometres

23
Q

Male gamete: motility

Study These Flashcards
A

Motile (has a tail)

24
Q

Female gamete: motility

Study These Flashcards
A

Non-motile (cilia and peristalsis)

25
Male gamete: numbers
Numbers sperms produced throughout life | Millions sperms released per ejaculation
26
Female gamete: numbers
Number of eggs determined at birth (500 per ovary) | One egg released per month
27
Changes in a follicle during menstruation
1. Primary follicle 2. Secondary follicle 3. Graafian follicle 4. Ovulation 5. Corpus luteum 6. Corpus luteum breaks down
28
Graafian follicle
Releases oestrogen
29
Corpus luteum
Releases progesterone and a little oestrogen
30
Oestrogen
Triggers repair and growth of the endometrium
31
Progesterone
Maintains thickness of the endometrium
32
Menstruation
28 day cycle 1. day 1-5: menstruation (i.e. shedding of endometrium) 2. day 6-13: release of oestrogen (i.e. growth of endometrium) 3. day 14: ovulation 4. day 15-28: release of progesterone, prep for pregnancy (i.e. maintenance of endometrium)
33
Fertilisation
1. Sperm releases enzymes to digest outer layers of ovum in Fallopian tube 2. Sperm nucleus enters and fuses with egg nucleus 3. Zona reaction (zona pellucida hardens) 4. Zygote formed 5. Mitosis (cell division) 5. Embryo (blastocyst: ball of cells) 6. Transported down Fallopian tube to uterus (cilia and peristalsis) 7. Implants into endometrium
34
No fertilisation
Menstruation cycle repeats
35
Development of embryo
Villi grow from the embryo into the uterine lining , both of which make up the placenta The umbilical cord attaches the embryo to the placenta
36
Why is the foetal blood not continuous with the mother's blood system? (2)
1. Blood pressure of mother is much higher | 2. Blood group of foetus's may be different, causing the foetal blood cells to agglutinate
37
Placenta - mother to baby
Oxygen, dissolved food substances (i.e. nutrients e.g. glucose, amino acids), antibodies
38
Placenta - baby to mother
Waste (e.g. Carbon dioxide, urea)
39
Umbilical cord
Attaches foetus to placenta | Transports substances from mother to placenta and baby to placenta for exchange
40
Amniotic fluid
Shock absorber for mechanical impact | Lubricates birth canal during birth
41
Amniocentesis
Process where amniotic fluid is drawn out so that foetal cells can be tested for gender and chromosomal diseases
42
Contraceptives | 5 types
1. Hormonal 2. Mechanical 3. Chemical 4. Surgical 5. Natural
43
Hormonal contraceptive
Birth control pills
44
``` Mechanical contraceptive (3) ```
Condom Diaphragm Intra-uterine device (IUD)
45
Chemical contraceptive
Spermicides
46
Surgical contraceptive | 2
Tubal ligation | Vasectomy
47
Natural contraceptive
Natural family planning
48
Sexually transmitted infections (STI) case study
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) | [a virus]
49
Transmission of AIDS | 4
1. Blood transfusion 2. Unsafe sex 3. Contaminated needles 4. Mother to foetus via placenta/breast milk
50
Signs and symptoms of AIDS | 6
1. Chronic or persistent fever 2. Sever diarrhoea 3. Pneumonia 4. Brain infection 5. Widespread tuberculosis 6. Severe weight loss
51
Prevention of AIDS
1. Safe sex 2. Don't have sex 3. Do not abuse drugs 4. Go to reliable operators if required to do any piercings (ask for disposable instruments/sterilised instruments) 5. Trace contacts if found HIV positive
52
Treatment/cure for AIDS
NO CURE | Anti-viral medication

Secondary 2 Biology (2 decks)

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