Reproduction In Plants

Question 1

Define reproduction

Answer 1

the process of producing offspring that are biologically or genetically similar to the parent organism.

Question 2

Compare sexual and asexual reproduction

Answer 2

Asexual reproduction:
single parent involved
Offspring identical to parent
Offspring identical to each other
Type of cell division is only mitosis

Sexual reproduction:
Two parents involved
Offspring different from parents
Offspring different from each other
Type of cell division is only meiosis

Question 3

Define perennation

Answer 3

The ability of organisms, particularly plants, to survive from one germinating season to another, especially under unfavorable conditions

Question 4

Describe the life cycle of a typical flowering plant

Answer 4

Development of flowers
Pollination
Fertilization
Formation of seeds
Dispersal and f seeds
Germination
Growth of plant

Question 5

Define pollination

Answer 5

The transfer of the pollen grains from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower.

Question 6

Define fertilization

Answer 6

Fusion of the male and female gametes

Question 7

What is the female gamete called?

Answer 7

Ovule

Question 8

What is the male gamete called?

Answer 8

Pollen grain

Question 9

What are the 5 main parts of a typical flower?

Answer 9

Gynaecium (carpel: stigma, style, ovary)
Androecium (stamen: anther, filament)
Corolla (petals)
Calyx (sepals)
Receptacle

Question 10

Function of the gynaecium

Answer 10

Produces and contains the female gamete

Question 11

Function of the androecium

Answer 11

Produces and contains the male gamete

Question 12

Function of the Corolla

Answer 12

Attracts pollinators, such as insects to the flower

Question 13

Function of the calyx

Answer 13

Protects the flower in the bud stage

Question 14

Function of the receptacle

Answer 14

Bears the flower parts

Question 15

Function of the petal

Answer 15

Provides colour and scent to attract pollinators

Question 16

Function of the sepals

Answer 16

Protects the flower when in bud

Question 17

Function of anther

Answer 17

Produces pollen grains containing male gametes

Question 18

Function of filament

Answer 18

Holds the anther where it can best deliver pollen

Question 19

Function of stigma

Answer 19

Catches pollen grains

Question 20

Function of the style

Answer 20

Holds the stigma where it can best catch pollen

Question 21

Function of the ovary

Answer 21

Contains ovules

Question 22

Function of the ovules

Answer 22

Contains an ovum, the female gamete

Question 23

Function of the embryo sac

Answer 23

Acts as the site for fertilization

Question 24

What is self-pollination?

Answer 24

The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of the same flower or flowers on the same plant

Question 25

What is cross-pollination?

Answer 25

The transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma of flowers on another plant of the same species

Question 26

Examples of agents of pollination

Answer 26

Wind, insects, some birds

Question 27

Why are agents of pollination necessary?

Answer 27

Plants are dependent on them to help bring their gametes together

Question 28

Give an example of a wind-pollinated flower

Answer 28

Grass Sugar cane Corn

Question 29

Give an example of an insect-pollinated flower

Answer 29

Pride of Barbados Pea

Question 30

Give characteristics of a wind pollinated flower

Answer 30

Don’t have bright petals, nectar or a scent Pollen grains are very small and light Large and feathery stigmas Long filaments with anthers that hang out the flower

Question 31

Describe how pollen is carried in water pollination

Answer 31

The pollen from the stamen of one plant will be carried across the surface of the water to the pistil of another flower

Question 32

Characteristics of insect pollinated flowers

Answer 32

Flowers are large and bright Petals are large and brightly colored with nectar and scented Short stamen with anthers attached inside the flower Sticky stigma that’s situated in the flower Pollen grains are large, sticky or spiky

Question 33

Describe what happens after pollination leading to successful fertilization

Answer 33

1) the pollen grains germinate 2) pollen tube grows down the style to the ovary 3) two male nuclei move down the pollen tube 4) pollen tube enters micropyle to reach female nucleus

Question 34

Post fertilization changes in a flower

Answer 34

The ovule develops into a seed containing the embryo. The ovary grows into the fruit as th petals shrivel and drop off. The stigma, style and stamens also drop off. The sepals may remain.

Question 35

Describe double fertilization

Answer 35

One sperm fuses with the central cell One sperm fuses with the egg cell

Question 36

Main function of the fruit

Answer 36

Protect the seeds during their development and aid in their dispersal

Question 37

Why do plants disperse seeds?

Answer 37

Prevent overcrowding and competition for resources Allow colonization of habitats Reduce spread of diseases

Question 38

The wall of the fruit is called

Answer 38

The pericarp

Question 39

Define germination

Answer 39

The growth of a seed into a young plant or a seedling

Question 40

Function of the micropyle

Answer 40

Water enters this opening during germination

Question 41

Function of the testa

Answer 41

Seed coat which encloses and protects the seed

Question 42

Define dormancy

Answer 42

The failure of seeds to germinate as soon as they are shed, even when conditions are ideal

Question 43

2 types of germination

Answer 43

Epigeal germination - cotyledons carried above the soil Eg. Kidney bean, sunflower Hypogeal germination - cotyledons remain below the surface of the soil Eg. Gungo pea

Question 44

Conditions for Germination

Answer 44

Sufficient water Adequate oxygen supply Suitable temperature

Question 45

Define dispersal

Answer 45

Process by which the offspring of a plant moves away from the parent plant.