Reproduction in plants Flashcards
(33 cards)
What does the sepal do?
Protects the unopened flower
What do the petals do?
They are brightly colored in insect-pollenated plants to attract insects
What does the anther do?
Produces and releases the male sex hormone (Pollen grain)
What does the stigma do?
Top of the female part of the flower which collects pollen grains
What does the ovary do?
Produces the female sex hormone (Ovum)
What is pollenation?
When pollen is transferred from the anthers to the stigma
What is cross polination?
When pollen is transferred from a different flower
What is self pollination?
When pollen is transferred from the same flower
What is an insect pollenated plant?
When the pollen is transferred by insects (Or sometimes animals e.g. Bats or birds)
What is a wind pollentated plant?
When pollen is transferred by the wind
How do insects pollenate plants?
When insects enter a flower, they search for the nectar at the bottom. As they get that nectar, the insect’s body might brush against the anthers. When the insect visits a new plant they might brush against the stigma and therefore pollenate the plant.
How do the petals adapt to insect pollenation
They are large and bright to attract insects
How does the scent and nectar adapt to insect pollenation
They are present. The nectar and scent attract insects into the plant and push past the stamen to get the nectar
How does the number of pollen grains adapt to insect pollenation
They are in moderate amounts. Insects transfer pollen grains efficiently with a high chance of successful pollenation
How do the pollen grains adapt to insect pollenation
They are larger and sticky or spiky to attach to insects and be carried away
How do the anthers adapt to insect pollenation
They are inside the flower, stiff and firmly attached to brush against insects
How does the stigma adapt to insect pollenation
They are inside the flower and sticky, so pollen grains stick to it when the insect goes past
How does wind pollenation work?
When ripe, the anthers open and shed their pollen into the air. The wind then blows this pollen until it lands on the stigma of a plant of the same species. Resulting in pollenation.
How do the petals adapt to wind pollenation?
They are small and dull, often green or brown in colour
How do the scent and nectar adapt to wind pollenation?
No scent. They don’t need to waste unnecessary energy on making a scent if they don’t need to attract insects
How do the number of pollen grains adapt to wind pollenation
They are in large amounts. The more pollen there is the higher chance of pollination as most pollen grains are not transferred to another flower.
How do the pollen grains adapt to wind pollenation
They are smooth and small to float in the wind
How do the anthers adapt to wind pollenation
They are outside the flower and on loose filaments to release pollen grains easily
How do the stigma adapt to wind pollenation
They are outside the flower and feathery to catch drifting pollen grains
