Reproduction Y8

Question 1

What is sexual reproduction?

Answer 1

When there are 2 parents, gametes and it creates genetic variation

Question 2

What is a-sexual reproduction ?

Answer 2

Only 1 parent, no gametes, genetically identical to parent

Question 3

What are gametes?

Answer 3

Sex cells that contain genetic information (DNA)of a parent

Question 4

How many sperm are made per day?

Answer 4

Millions

Question 5

How is the sperm specialised for its functions?(3)

Answer 5

-Flagellum for swimming
-lots of mitochondria for respiration to release energy
-nucleus has half the set of genetic material (half from father)

Question 6

How is the egg specialised for its functions?(3)

Answer 6

-lots of mitochondria for respiration to release energy
-nucleus has half the set of genetic material from the mother
-jelly coat around egg that makes sure only one sperm can enter and fertilise the egg

Question 7

What gamete:
-is larger
-moves the most
-has a larger food store
-released more

Answer 7

-egg is larger
-sperm moves more as it swims, egg doesn’t move much
-egg has large food store, sperm doesn’t have a store
-sperm, millions can be produced in a day, only 1 egg released per month

Question 8

Fertilisation definition

Answer 8

Fertilisation is the process of the nuclei of a sperm and egg cell(male and female sex cells) fusing together

Question 9

What is it called when the nuclei of a sperm and egg fuse together ? (When fertilised)

Answer 9

Zygote

Question 10

What are the two types of fertilisation?

Answer 10

Internal and external

Question 11

Example of internal fertilisation

Answer 11

Humans-

Question 12

Example of external fertilisation

Answer 12

Fish-female lays eggs on ground then male fertilises them.

Question 13

What is a zygote?

Answer 13

Early development of offspring/ when the nuclei of an egg and sperm fuse

Question 14

Ovary(3)

Answer 14

-organ where eggs mature and are released
-produces oestrogen and progesterone (from puberty to menopause)
-females have 2

Question 15

Fallopians tubes(2)(Oviduct)

Answer 15

-tube that transports egg from ovary to uterus(using small hairs)
-Fertilisation may occur here

Question 16

Uterus(3)

Answer 16

-organ where developing baby grows
-has thick wall of muscle and elastic tissue
-inner lining grows and is released from puberty to menopause

Question 17

Cervix(2)

Answer 17

-Ring of muscle at neck of uterus
-where baby comes out through during birth

Question 18

Vagina(2)

Answer 18

-muscular tube that opens to the outside
-sometimes known as birth canal

Question 19

Labia(1)

Answer 19

-fleshy lobes that protect the opening of the vagina

Question 20

Clitoris(1)

Answer 20

Area very sensitive to stimulation

Question 21

Testes(2)

Answer 21

-organ that produces sperm from puberty.
-also releases testosterone

Question 22

Scrotum(2)

Answer 22

-pouch of skin which holds testes outside the body
-so they are at a suitable temperature

Question 23

Epididymis (2)

Answer 23

-mass of coiled tubes
-transports sperm from testes

Question 24

Sperm duct(1)

Answer 24

-tube that carries the sperm from the testes to the glands and urethra

Question 25

Glands (2)

Answer 25

-opens into sperm duct and produces seminal fluid -opens into urethra and produces alkaline fluid which neutralises urine.

Question 26

Penis(3)

Answer 26

-Organ, which transport, semen and urine into the outside. -contains spongy tissue which fails with blood when the organ is stimulated -This makes the organ erect so that it can be placed inside the female

Question 27

Urethra(2)

Answer 27

-Tube which passes through penis -both semen and urine pass through it.

Question 28

Foreskin(2)

Answer 28

-Area of skin which covers a sensitive tip of the penis -can be removed during circumcision

Question 29

What percentage of genetic information does the new baby contain?

Answer 29

50% of the mothers 50% of the fathers

Question 30

Which process places millions of sperm in the female?

Answer 30

Sexual reproduction

Question 31

What happens to all the other sperm when a sperm enters an egg?

Answer 31

Jelly coat on egg stops them entering the egg .They cannot enter the egg, so they die at exit the female.

Question 32

Where is the female egg fertilised?

Answer 32

Usually in the oviduct

Question 33

Definition of fertilisation

Answer 33

The nucleus of the male gamete joins with the nucleus of the female gamete. (Nucleus of egg joins nucleus of sperm)

Question 34

What is it called when the first egg splits into more and more cells?

Answer 34

An embryo

Question 35

Each month, what part of the woman releases an egg?

Answer 35

Ovaries

Question 36

If an egg cell meets a sperm cell, what can happen?

Answer 36

Fertilisation

Question 37

What does the embryo do into the lining of the uterus?

Answer 37

Implants

Question 38

What does it mean when the embryo implants?

Answer 38

It buries itself into the lining of the uterus

Question 39

What happens on day 0 of fertilisation

Answer 39

Fertilisation

Question 40

What happens on day one of fertilisation?

Answer 40

Zygote

Question 41

What happens on day two of fertilisation?

Answer 41

2 cell stage( singular cell has split into 2)

Question 42

What happens on day three to four of fertilisation?

Answer 42

4 cell stage then 8 cell stage

Question 43

What happens on day five of fertilisation?

Answer 43

Cell keeps dividing

Question 44

What happens on day eight to nine of fertilisation?

Answer 44

Implantation

Question 45

Where does ovulation occur?

Answer 45

In the ovary into the oviduct

Question 46

How does the egg travel down the oviduct?

Answer 46

By cilia (small hairs)

Question 47

Where does the zygote move to?

Answer 47

Down the oviduct into the uterus

Question 48

Process of zygote embedding into the wall of uterus

Answer 48

Implantation

Question 49

Rearrange the order of these words: Fertilisation Implantation Ovulation

Answer 49

Ovulation Fertilisation Implantation

Question 50

Change to females in puberty (8)

Answer 50

-breasts developing -Reproductive organs develop -Period start -Grow taller -Pubic hair starts to grow -ovaries grow -Hormones change -Hair grow under arms

Question 51

Changes to males in puberty(10)

Answer 51

-sperm is produced -reproductive organs develop -voice breaks -testicles grow(x7) -grow taller -pubic hair starts to grow -shoulders broaden -facial hair develops -hormones change -hair grows under arms

Question 52

What is an embryo?

Answer 52

When the zygote(fertilised egg) divides into two cells.

Question 53

What is the fetus?

Answer 53

When an embryo cells start to become more specialised with arms and legs visible.

Question 54

When do you get identical twins?

Answer 54

When a sperm fertilises an egg, the cells start to double the group of cells will split in half creating eventually 2 embryos

Question 55

How do you get non-identical twins?

Answer 55

When two eggs are released from the female ovaries, and both are fertilised with different sperm.

Question 56

How do you get conjoined twins?

Answer 56

They are always identical and have the same thing as identical twins, but the cells only divide, partially, leaving them to be conjoined.

Question 57

What is adolescence?

Answer 57

Period of life between child and adulthood

Question 58

What is puberty?

Answer 58

The time was sex organs begin to work and change.

Question 59

What’s the changes that happen at puberty caused by?

Answer 59

Hormones

Question 60

Where does oestrogen come from?

Answer 60

Ovaries produce it

Question 61

Where does testosterone come from?

Answer 61

Testes produce it

Question 62

What are the secondary sexual characteristics?

Answer 62

The ones you develop at puberty such as growing hair

Question 63

What are primary sexual characteristics?

Answer 63

The ones that you were born with

Question 64

Why do we lose lining of the uterus when not fertilised?

Answer 64

If not fertilised we lose it because gets rid of any bacteria

Question 65

Age range for puberty for girls?

Answer 65

8-13

Question 66

Age range of puberty for boys?

Answer 66

9-14

Question 67

How long can a sperm live up to?

Answer 67

5days

Question 68

How long can an egg live for?

Answer 68

1 day

Question 69

In the menstrual cycle what happens on days 1-5?

Answer 69

Menstruation( lining of uterus lost)

Question 70

In the menstrual cycle what happens on days 6-13?

Answer 70

Lining regrow

Question 71

In the menstrual cycle what happens on day14?

Answer 71

Ovulation(egg released)

Question 72

In the menstrual cycle what happens on days 15-28?

Answer 72

Lining is maintained

Question 73

When does oestrogen rise?

Answer 73

Days 1-14

Question 74

When is progesterone high?

Answer 74

Days 15-28

Question 75

What causes the lining of the uterus to break down?

Answer 75

A drop in progesterone

Question 76

Why does the lining of the uterus need to become thick?

Answer 76

To be somewhere for the egg to bury itself into. The blood gives the egg nutrience

Question 77

What is the placenta?

Answer 77

-Placenta is a barrier that can prevent harmful bacteria from reaching the baby. -organ, responsible for providing oxygen and nutrients e.g glucose that the foetus needs to grow

Question 78

When does the placenta begin to form?

Answer 78

After implantation

Question 79

What does the placenta provide?

Answer 79

Oxygen and nutrients such as glucose

Question 80

What does the placenta remove?

Answer 80

Carbon dioxide and urea, which is a molecule in urine

Question 81

Definition of diffusion

Answer 81

The movement of anything from high concentration to low concentration

Question 82

What is amniotic fluid?

Answer 82

It protects the baby

Question 83

What is the umbilical cord for?

Answer 83

Transport materials from mother to baby and waste from baby to mother

Question 84

What is the umbilical cord?

Answer 84

Transport materials

Question 85

What is gestation?

Answer 85

Period of the time between fertilisation and birth(time you are pregnant)

Question 86

How long is a normal gestation period for humans?

Answer 86

Nine months or 40 weeks

Question 87

How does the oxygen and glucose from the mother’s blood get to the foetuses blood?

Answer 87

It diffuses at the placenta

Question 88

Why should you not smoke when pregnant?

Answer 88

The smoke could carbon monoxide inside means that the mother has less oxygen in her body so the baby will not grow as much

Question 89

Why is alcohol bad to drink when pregnant?

Answer 89

The alcohol goes from the placenta into the baby, and the baby cannot process alcohol as it affects its growth

Question 90

When does the first trimester end in the second trimester begin?

Answer 90

At week 14

Question 91

When does the third trimester begin?

Answer 91

At week 28

Question 92

Which way does the baby usually face ready for birth?

Answer 92

Head downwards

Question 93

What happens first at birth?

Answer 93

The cervix dilates to 10 cm, allowing the babies head to emerge

Question 94

What’s the second stage in birth?

Answer 94

The muscle in the wall of the uterus contract to push the baby out also known as labour

Question 95

What’s the third stage of birth?

Answer 95

When the placemto is pushed out, which is called after birth

Question 96

How many millimetres is equal to 1000 µm

Answer 96

1

Question 97

Sign for micro metres

Answer 97

Um