Reproductive Flashcards
(25 cards)
Where is the cervical canal located?
It is continuous with the uterus and found closest to the vagina opening
What is found in each of the 3 distinct regions of the ovary? (outer ovarian cortex, central ovarian medulla, inner hilius)
outer ovarian cortex: ovarian follicles,
central ovarian medulla: steroid producing cells, ovarian stroma (connective tissue of ovary)
inner hilius: entry/ exit point for blood vessels and nerves
What two hormones spike at approx. days 12 and 13 respectively in a woman’s menstrual cycle?
Estrogen and LH (Luteinizing hormone)
The phases at days approx. 2 and 14 of the menstrual cycle are?
Menstrual phase and ovulation
14/2 is 7 menstrual phase and ovulation
The phases at days approx. 6 and 21 respectively are?
Follicular phase (follicles developing till a mature follicle is formed) and post ovulation Luteal phase (corpus luteum)
Ovulation occurs at day 14
What is the myometrium?
The thickest layer of the uterus
What are the stages of the ovarian cycle?
Primordial follicle
Primary follicle
Secondary follicle
Mature follicle
Corpus haemmorgicum, ovulation, corona radiata
Corpus luteum
Corpus albicans
horla
What does the mid-piece of the sperm contain?
Mitochondria, to generate ATP that powers the turbine that helps the sperm swim
What is the name of the condition of only a small no. of sperm in ejaculate?
Oligospermia
What is the name of the condition where there’s no sperm in ejaculate?
Azoospermia
(The prefix A means without)
IVF (in vitro fertilisation)
50,000 sperm required needs motile sperm
Sperm fertilise oocyte in the petri dish
ICSI (Intracytoplasmic sperm injection)
Requires a single sperm
Motile sperm not required
Sperm injected directly into oocyte
What is the role of leydig cells?
Receptors found on the surface of leydig cells detect LH then initiates the release of the lipid soluble male androgen testosterone. Therefore Leydig cells are located outside the tubules close to blood vessels.
What is the role of sertoli cells?
Sertoli cells are important in the development of spermatocytes so must be in close proximity to the seminiferous tubules. High levels of testosterone are maintained by its binding androgen binding protein produced by the sertoli cells.
Independently sertoli cells produce another hormone called inhibin that regulates the process through negative feedback. Inhibin inhibits release of hormone FSH from the pituitary gland.
Testosterone is converted to…
A very potent androgen called 5-dihydrotestosterone (5DHT)
What structure in an adult male are sperm produced?
Seminiferous tubules of the testes
What are the stem cells that sit on the BM of the seminiferous tubules called?
Spermatogonia
What is the next tubular structure called that the sperm enters as it leaves the seminiferous tubules of the testes?
Rete testes (after the testes)
What’s the tube called where the tubules then coalesce into a single tubule, where sperm mature, gain motility and the ability to fertillise an oocyte?
Epididymis
excited- motility
What is the muscular tube the sperm enter after the Epididymis?
Vas deferns
Muscular Vas
What is the final tubular structure through which the sperm travels during ejaculation called?
Urethra
What is the preferred treatment to treat an infertile man with azoospermia?
Testicular biopsy and ICSI
What is the period of time between the end of regular menstrual cycles and the menopause called?
Menopausal transtition
What hormone does the corpus luteum produce?
progestrone
