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Reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

Reproduction Function

A

Production of Gonads, Sex Hormone Production, Transfer and Reception of sperm to egg, Nurturing Fetus Development

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2
Q

Gametes

A

Spermatoza and Ova

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3
Q

Female Organ Groups

A

Primary: Ovaries
Secondary: Uterine Tubes, Uterus, Vagina, Vestibular Glands, Breasts, and Vulva

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4
Q

Female Reproductive Organ Placement

A

In Pelvic Cavity between Rectum and Bladder
Broad ligament: attached to both sides of uterus, spreads to attach to tubes and ovaries

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5
Q

Ovaries/Oogenesis

A

Surrounded by single layer epithelium, follicles with oocyte below
Primordial and Primary Follciles

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6
Q

Primordial Follicle

A

A primary oocyte surrounded by granulosa cells AT BIRTH

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7
Q

Primary Follicle

A

Oocyte in enlarged granulosa, AT PUBERTY

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8
Q

Ovulation Egg Change

A

28 day cycle of hormones causes turns primary to secondary Follicles
Then turns into Mature follicle with Antrum

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9
Q

Ovulation

A

Mature follicle expands and ruptured releasing fluid and oocytes

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10
Q

Corpus Luteum

A

Ruptured follicle releases hormones
A temporary gland that forms after ovulation
Thickens uterine lining

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11
Q

Ovary Hormones

A

Estrogen: released from granulosa cells, mature F, and corpus luteum
Progesterone: released by corpus Luteum

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12
Q

Estrogen Function

A

Secondary Sex Characteristics
Maturation of reproductive organs
Menstrual Cycle Regulation

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13
Q

Progesterone Function

A

Thickens and maintains endometrium

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14
Q

Uterine Tubes/ Oviducts

A

2 small muscular tubes from ovaries to uterus
Receive oocyte after ovulation
Fimbrae, cilia, move oocyte along to uterus
Site of Fertilization

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15
Q

Fimbrae

A

Feather like ends of fallopian tubes sweep around ovary

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16
Q

Uterus Functions

A

Provides protection, nutrition, and waste removal for Fetus

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17
Q

Uterus Anatomy

A

Fundus, Body, and Cervix
3 tissue layers:
1. Perimetrium (outer serous)
2. Myometrium (Thick, S., Muscle)
3. Endometrium (Mucous membrane)

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18
Q

Cervix

A

Closes off uterus
Lined with mucus membrane

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19
Q

Vagina

A

Extends from cervix to outside body
Stratified squamous epithelial lining
Rugae, Hymen, Vestibular Glands

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20
Q

Hymen

A

Fold of epithelium covering vaginal entrance

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21
Q

Vestibular Glands

A

Superior and Lateral to vaginal openings
Secretes mucus during sexual arousal

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22
Q

Vulva/ External Genetalia

A

Vestibule, Labia minora and majora, clitoris, mons pubis, perineum

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23
Q

Vestible

A

Space where vaginal and urethral opening end

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24
Q

Labia Minora

A

Inner folds surrounding vestible

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25
Clitoris
Anterior vestible, contains erectile tissue and nerve endings
26
Mons Pubis
Covers pelvic symphysis bone
27
Labia Majora
Outer tissue created by folds of adipose, extra padding and protection
28
Perineum
Between vagina and anus
29
Breasts
Nipple, areola, mammary glands, lactiferous duct
30
Nipple
Smooth muscle that is erect when nursing
31
Areola
Outer nipple releasing oils when nursing
32
Mammary Glands
Branching lobules that end in alveoli that produce milk
33
Lactiferous Duct
Each lobule has a duct that carries mammary milk to nipple surface
34
Menstrual Cycle
Cyclical changes in uterus and ovaries beginning at puberty Menstrual, Follicular, Ovulation, Luteal
35
Follicular/Proliferative Phase
7-13 Release of FSH stimulates secondary follicles to mature in ovary Follicle releases estrogen: Endometrium thickens, uterus prepares for egg fertilization
36
Estrogen Release causes... (In Follicular)
Endometrium to thicken, and uterus to prepare for implanting of egg Stops release of FSH Stimulates release of LH
37
Ovulation Phase
Day 14 Increasing estrogen, sharp rise in LH, stimulates follicle to rupture Oocyte is discharged into fallopian Ruptured follicle becomes corpus Luteum
38
Luteal/Secretory Phase
15-28 until menstruation begins Egg travels fallopian tube to uterus Estrogen and progesterone released by corpus (thickens endometrium and inhibits FSH and LH)
39
Menstrual Phase
1-7, Occurs if no fertilization Corpus Luteum degenerates, hormones stop getting released Endometrium degenerates and FSH is released
40
Menopause
One year without period The end of follicle growth, ovulation, and less hormone production Symptoms are individualized
41
Male Reproductive Organs
Primary: Testes Secondary: epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory ducts, urethra, seminal vesicles, bulbourethral gland, prostate, scrotum, penis
42
Testes
The male gonads suspended in scrotum by spermatic chord Tunica Albuginea Seminiferous Tubules Interstitial Cells
43
Tunica Albuginea
Tough, outer, connective tissue layer Folded into lobules that hold tubules
44
Seminiferous Tubules
Hollow tubes that produce sperm surrounded by tunica
45
Interstitial Cells
Found between seminiferous tubules. Produce testosterone
46
Spermatogenesis
FSH stimulates spermatogenesis by cells in seminiferous tubules, meiosis 1, primary spermatocyte, meiosis 2, spermatid matures into spermatozoa
47
Sertoli Cells
Provide nourishment to developing spermatozoa
48
Spermatozoa
The male gamete designed to perpetuate the species Acrosome, Head, Midpiece, and Flagellum
49
Acrosome
Contains enzymes to penetrate egg surface. Tip of the head
50
Head
Contains the nucleus with 23 chromosomes
51
Mid piece
Contains mitochondria for ATP production
52
Flagellum
End that propels sperm forward
53
Testosterone Production
LH released, stimulates interstitial cells in testes to produce testosterone
54
Testosterone Effects
Enlargement of male genitalia, and male reproductive duct system Secondary Sex Characteristics: hair growth, voice deepens, muscle, coarser skin
55
Reproductive Ducts
Epididymus, Vans Deferens, Ejaculatory Duct, Urethra
56
Epididymus
Connects to seminiferous tubules Sperm mature here for a few days then become motile
57
Vans Deferens
Carries sperm from Epididymus
58
Ejaculatory Duct
Seminal vesicle joins vas Deferens and moves through prostate to Urethra
59
Urethra
Carries semen and urine Internal urethra sphincter blocks bladder
60
Semen
A mixture of sperm and fluid from accessory glands to help sperm survive the trip to the egg
61
Semen Functions
Nourish sperm, transport sperm, prostaglandins, neutralizes acidity between genitalia, lubricant, prevents bacterial infection (contains antibacterial enzymes and antibodies)
62
Prostaglandins
Stimulates muscle contraction in females to take in sperm
63
Male Accessory Glands
Seminal Vesicles, Prostate Gland, Bulbourethral Gland
64
Seminal Vesicles
Sugar and nutrients, enzymes and prostaglandins are provided to sperm
65
Prostate Gland
Alkaline secretion (pH) Aids sperm mobility
66
Bulbourethral Gland
Provides mucus cleans and lubes urethra
67
External Genetalia
Scrotum: Holds testes Penis Prepuce/Foreskin
68
Penis
Spongy erectile tissue that is engorged with blood: corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum
69
Prepuce/Foreskin
Loose end of skin that covers the glans
70
Glans
End of penis
71
Hormone Control
Hypothalamus releases GnRH to stimulate anterior, releasing FSH or LH
72
Gonadotropic Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
A tropic hormone released by hypothalamus to stimulate anterior pituitary to release LH or FSH
73
FSH
Stimulates production of spermatozoa Releases when a lack of Estrogen
74
LH
Stimulates production of testosterone in interstitial cells

Reproductive System (1 decks)

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