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Reproductive Flashcards

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1
Q

Achillea millefolium - Actions

A 
Alterative, 
vulnerary, 
anti-microbial, 
astringent, 
diaphoretic, 
anti-inflammatory, 
vascular tonic, 
diruetic
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2
Q

Achillea millefolium - Indications

A

Fevers, hypertension, hepatic congestion, hemorrhoids

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3
Q

Achillea millefolium - Cautions

A

Non toxic. Possible asteracea/compositae sensitivity/allergy

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4
Q

Angelica sinensis - Actions

A 
Anti-inflammatory, 
anti-anemic, 
anti-platelet, 
female tonic, 
mild laxative, 
antiarrhythmic
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5
Q

Angelica sinensis - Indications

A

Dysmenorrhea
chronic hepatitis
hepatic cirrhosis
infertility (douche in cases of tubal occlusion)
Other: menopausal hot flashes, amenorrhea, menorrhagia, PMS
TCM: anemia w/ dizziness and palpitation

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6
Q

Angelica sinensis - Caution

A

CI: pregnancy (esp 1st trimester) and women who tend to spontaneously abort
A/E: gynecomastia
Interactions: warfarin
Preg: C, Lac: C

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7
Q

Arctium lappa - Actions

A

Depurative
Diuretic (mild)
Laxative (mild)
bitter

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8
Q

Arctium lappa - Indications

A 
Skin eruptions
rheumatism
cystitis
gout
other conditions benefitig from diuretic action
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9
Q

Arctium lappa - Cautions

A

Caution: depuratives can s/t cause aggravations with skin conditions
A/E: contact dermatitis (topical use of root plaster)
Preg: B1, Lac: C

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10
Q

Bacopa monniera - Actions

A 
Cognitive enhancing
Nervine tonic
Sedative (mild)
anticonvulsant (mild)
nervine relaxant
Adaptogenic (mild)
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11
Q

Bacopa monniera - Indications

A 
Improves mental performance and memory
beneficial for anxiety nerosis
epilepsy
PMS
Historical: nervous breakdown, epilepsy, insanity, debility
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12
Q

Bacopa monniera - Cautions

A

Cautions: cholestasis, celiac disease, fat malabsorption, deficiency of vitamins ADEK, some upper GI irritations, topically to open wounds
A/E: may cause irritation to gastric mucous membranes and reflux (due to saponins). Weakness, loss of concentration

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13
Q

Capsella bursa-pastoris - actions

A

Anti-hemorrhagic (astringent)
urinary anti-septic
may also be diuretic (by increasing GFR)

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14
Q

Capsella bursa-pastoris - Indications

A 
Uterine hemorrhage (active and passive) 
menorrhagia
Haematemesis
diarrhea
acute cystitis
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15
Q

Capsella bursa-pastoris - cautions

A

CI: none but use caution with breastfeeding and lactation
Cautions: should not be taken in doses exceeding the maximum therapeutic range in long term

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16
Q

Caulophyllum thalictroids - Actions

A

Sapsmolytic
uterine and ovarian tonic
emmenagogue

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17
Q

Caulophyllum thalictriodes - Indications

A 
amenorrhea
threatened miscarriage
false labour pains
dysmenorrhea
rheumatic pains
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18
Q

Caulophyllum thalictroides - Cautions

A

CI: women wishing to conceive, early pregnancy, lactation
Cations: use late in pregnancy (only w/ experience). similar cautions to C. racemosa b/c of saponins
A/E: irritation of gastric mucous membranes (saponins), stroke, and other CV effects, uterine stimulation
Toxicology: purgative action (saponins), ataxia, terminal clonic convulsions
Interactions: none identified

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19
Q

Cimicifuga (Actea) racemosa - Actions

A

anti-rheumatic
spasmolytic
estrogen modulating
uterine tonic

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20
Q

Cimicifuga (Actea) racemosa - Indications

A

menopausal sxs (moderate to severe)
uterine fibroids
Other: rheumatic pains, myalgia, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea

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21
Q

Cimicifuga (Actea) racemosa - Cautions

A

CI: estrogen dependent tumours (breast cancer)
Cautions: because it is rich in saponins - use cautiously with upper GI disorders
A/E: rare,mild, reversible - mild GI upset m/c. Others include h/a, vertigo, weight gain, mastalgia

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22
Q

Coleus forkohlii - actions

A

Increase cAMP and cAMP mediated functions

Other: hypotensive, inhibits basophil and mast cell degranulation and histamine release, anti-platelet

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23
Q

Coleus forskohlii - Indications

A

Researched: asthma, angina, psoriasis, cancer mets prevention
Historically: hypertension, CHF, eczema, colic, respiratory disorders, painful urination, insomnia, convulsions, progesterone dependent conditions, glaucoma

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24
Q

Coleus forskohlii - Cautions

A

Cautions/CI: pts with ulcers (may increase HCl), hypotension, bleeding disorders or on blood thinning medication
Interactions: antiplatelets/anti-coagulants, hypotensive, other medications
Preg: ND, Lac: ND

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25
Dioscorea villosa - Actions
``` Anti-spasmodic AI Anti-rheumatic, nervine relaxant osteogenic diaphoretic (mild) cholagogue Possibly hepatic, hepatoprotective ```
26
Dioscorea villosa - Indications
``` Bilious colic spasmodic conditions of GIT RA (acute phase) dysmenorrhea ovarian neuralgia Poss benefit w/ PMS, perimenopause, uterine fibroids, anti-proliferative benefit with certain cancers Historically: salpingitis ```
27
Dioscorea villosa - Cautions
Caution/CI: Long term use in those with pre-existing renal dz, pregnancy (except during labour A/E: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
28
Eleutherococcus senticosus - actions
Adaptogen immune modulating tonic
29
Eleutherococcus senticosus - indications
``` stress management improved physical strength fatigue generalized weakness frequent infections ```
30
Eleutherococcus senticosus - cautions
CI: during acute phase of infections. Some sources include hypertension but debatable as it is also used to treat hypertension A/E: caution with those with CV conditions as insomnia, palpitations, headaches, tachycardia, pericardial pain and hypertension have been reported but RARE Interactions: may increase effectiveness of some antibiotics Preg: B1, Lac: C
31
Foeniculum vulgare - actions
``` Carminitive, anti-spasmodic, galacatogue, anti-microbial, Possibly estrogenic, anti-androgenic, analgesic ```
32
Foeniculum vulgare - Indications
``` dyspepsia (flatulent) Colic anorexia URTI esp children support lactation PMS ```
33
Foeniculum vulgare - Cautions
CI: known sensitivity to umbiliferae family. Pregnancy without experience A/E: possible allergy or hypersensitivity reactions Interactions: possible interaction with ciprofloxacin
34
Galium aparine - Actions
``` Diuretic depurative lymphatic/alterative AI astringent ```
35
Galium aparine - Indications
``` Psoriasis (esp with dry patches) eczema lyphadenopathy lyphadenitis dysuria other conditions benefiting from diuretic and lymphatic action ```
36
Galium aparine - Cautions
Cautions: depuratives may aggravate skin conditions Preg: B2, Lac: C
37
Ginkgo biloba - Actions
``` Anti-oxidant anti-platelet activating factor circulatory stimulant/angio-activator circulatory tonic vasodilator AI ```
38
Ginkgo biloba - Indications
Peripheral vascular dz | Other: increased clot formation, ED, menopause, mastalgia
39
Ginkgo biloba - Cautions
CI: known sensitivity to ginkgo preps Caution: when administering to patients with coagulation disorders, or concomitantly with anticoagulant or antiplatelet medication, patients about to undergo surgery A/E: mild GI complaints, headache, dizziness, allergic skin reactions, palpitations Preg: B1, Lac: ND
40
Glycyrrhiza glabra - Actions
Anti-inflammatory expectorant demulcent adrenal tonic/adaptogen
41
Glycyrrhiza glabra - Indications
Adrenal insufficiency bronchitis gastritis gastric and duodenal ulceration
42
Glycyrrhiza glabra - Cautions
CI: cholestatic and cirrhotic liver dz, hypertension, hypokalemia, severe kd insufficiency, pregnancy, anorexia nervosa, edema, CHF Cautions: high doses of glycyrrhizin l/t - ensure on high K+/low Na+ diet and monitor for change in BP and weight gain. Elderly patients/htn/cardiac
43
Glycyrrhiza glabra - A/E
A/E: Apparent mineralocoritcoid excess syndrome (Na retention/K+ loss) Interactions: Do not prescribe alongside digoxin, diuretics, laxatives, other K+ depleting drugs Toxicity: Pseudoaldosteronism (increase body weight, suppression of plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone, reduction of serum potassium) 7g
44
Humulus lupulus - actions
sedative nervine relaxant hypnotic (strong) anti-spasmodic
45
Humulus lupulus - indications
``` anxiety (nervous tension, restlessness, headache) restless insomnia (trouble falling asleep) ```
46
Humulus lupulus - cautions
CI: depression (subjective) Caution: not an ideal treatment for depression (herbal sedatives in general) and insomnia of the early morning A/E: contact urticaria (rare) Preg B2, Lac CC (may sedate infant)
47
Hypericum perforatum - actions
``` antidepressant nervine tonic nervine stimulant vulnerary antimicrobial (esp anti-viral, internally/topically) ```
48
Hypericum perforatum - indications
mild to moderate depression hysteria nervous conditions with depression neuralgia and menopausal neurosis
49
Hypericum perforatum - Caution
CI: serious depression with psychotic symptoms, suicidal risk. d/c 3 days before general anaesthesia Caution: avoid sun exposure (and artificial UVA exposure) as may increase photosensitivity AE: photosensitive skin reactions, GI sxs, erythroderma, delayed emergence from anaesthesia, serotonin syndrome preg B1, Lac CC
50
Hypericum perforatum - interactions (avoid)
immune suppressants (cyclosporin) Cardiac glycosides (>1g herb) HIV nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nevirapine) Other HIV protease inhibitors (indinavir) Chemotherapeutic drugs (irinotecan) Anticoagulants (warfarin, phenprocoumon)
51
Hypericum perforatum - interactions (caution)
``` SSRIs OCP (esp low dose OCP) TCA (amitriptyline) Antihistamine (fexofenadine) Benzodiazepine (midozolam) HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin (no interaction with pravastatin) Phenytoin Photosensitizing agent ```
52
Mitchella repens - actions
``` Parturient partus preparator uterine tonic alterative emmenagogue astringent diuretic ```
53
Mitchella repens - Indications
Preparation for childbirth (if taken for several weeks prior) Dysmenorrhea Mucus d/c with colitis, diarrhea Historically: suppression of urine, diarrhea, amenorrhea, menorrhagia
54
Michella repens - Cautions
Cautions/CI: Avoid use in pregnancy with exception of 3rd trimester (d/t emmenagogue action) Interactions: Possible interaction with alkaloid-related drugs (i.e. atropine), digoxin, iron
55
Panax ginseng - Primary actions
``` Adaptogen/adrenal tonic Immune modulating cardiotonic male tonic cancer preventative cognition enhancing AI (mild) AO ```
56
Panax ginseng - Indications
Improves athletic and psychomotor performance, general wellbeing, sexual dysfunction. Traditional: neurasthenia, depression (with sexual dysfunction)
57
Panax ginseng - Cautions
CI: acute asthma, signs of heat, excessive menstruation, nose bleeds, acute infections Caution: Hypertension, anxiety, insomnia. Concurrent use with stimulants such as caffeine and amphetamines is best avoided
58
Panax ginseng - AE and Interactions
Generally safe but risk of GAS at increase dosages. Rare a/e include mania, PM mastalgia, PM vaginal bleeding Interactions: MAOI, warfarin, possible interaction with slidenafil, hypglycemic drugs, CNS stimulants
59
Passiflora incarnata - actions
Anxiolytic (nervine relaxant), anti-spasmodic, sedative (mild), hypnotic (strong), anodyne
60
Passiflora incarnata - indications
Generalized anxiety disorder Depression (mild-mod) management of mental symptoms during outpatient detoxification of opiate addicts Insomnia (esp difficulty falling asleep), neuralgia, nervous tachycardia
61
Passiflora incarnata - Cautions
A/E: very rare, usually more often of an allergic nature Interactions: May potentiate other anxiolytics, barbituates Toxicity: Harmaline (alkaloid) --> visual disturbances, loss of coordination, agitation, delirum --> paralysis (at very high dosages)
62
Pygeum/Prunus africanum - actions
Anti-prostatic (anti-androgen), AI, AO, anti-edamatous, possibly anti-porliferative, analgesic
63
Pygeum/prunus africanum - Indication
BPH (mild, mod) | PMS
64
Pygeum/prunus africanum - Caution/CI
A/E: GI upset (mild) | Preg B2; Lac ND
65
Rehmannia glutinosa - actions
``` Anti-pyretic, adrenal tonic/adaptogen, anti-hemorrhagic, anti-inflammatory Progesterone mimetic?? ```
66
Rehmannia glutinosa - Indications
Inflammtory disorders of the immune system (i.e. allergies, AI dz) to prevent suppressive effects of corticosteroid drugs on endogenous levels of corticosteroids
67
Rehmannia glutinosa - Caution/CI
CI: TCM - dried (not extracted in alcohol) RG CI with damp phlegm patterns, deficient spleen with dampness, deficient yang A/E: Diarrhea, abdominal pain, dizziness, fatigue, palpitations Preg B3, Lac C
68
Rubus ideaus - Actions
Astringent Partus praeparator (uterine tonic) Parturifacient anti-diarrhoeal
69
Rubus ideaus - Indications
May shorten labour in pregnant women (strengthen and tones the uterus) Other: Diarrhea, stomatitis, tonsillitis
70
Rubeus ideaus - Cautions
CI: Constipation (b/c tannins), iron deficiency anemia, malnutrition (more caution than true CI) Caution: Long term use (because of tannin content). Use caution with inflamed or ulcerated conditions of the GIT. A/E: rare but may increase irritation of themouth and GIT
71
Salvia officinalis - action
``` Anti-spasmodic Anti-septic/anti-microbial anti-hydrotic (cooling) Astringent AO Possible adaptogen (mild) Estrogen mimetic ```
72
Salvia officinalis - Indications
``` Inflammation of the mouth/pharynx Excessive perspiration menopause (hot flashes) Flatulent dyspepsia PMS ```
73
Salvia officinalis - Cautions
CI: Pregnancy and lacation Cautions: do not exceed recommended dosages of alcoholic extract (b/c of thujone content) AE: Allergic reactions (from topical contact) Toxicity: vomiting, excessive salivation, epilpetic spasms with cyanosis Preg C, Lac X
74
Schisandra chinensis - Actions
``` Hepatoprotective Antioxidant Adaptogenic Nervine tonic Anti-tussive ```
75
Schisandra chinensis - Indications
Chronic viral hepatitis, improved physical performance, endurance, resistance to the effects of stress Enhances phase I/II hepatic detoxification TCM: spontaneous sweating, palpitations, insomnia
76
Schisandra chinensis - Cautions
CI: Early stages of a cough, rash (traditional CI) Cautions: pregnancy (except near birth) AE: Mild GI sxs (heartburn, indigestion, stomach ache, anorexia), headache Interactions: none specifically Preg B1; Lac ND
77
Serona repens - actions
``` AI Male tonic Anti-prostatic Anti-spasmodic Anti-androgenic AO possibly analgesic ```
78
Serona repens - Indications
Urinary symptoms and flow measures in patients with BPH PMS Historical: chronic sub acute cystitis
79
Serona repens - Cautions
Cautions: prostate cancer (or unsure if BPH or cancer) A/E: GI irritation (minor). Anti-coagulant activity. Interactions: Warfarin Preg B2; Lac C
80
Tribulus terrestris - Action
``` Tonic aphrodesiac estrogenic (females) androgenic (males) pro-fertility ```
81
Tribulus terrestris - indications
Male infertility, impotence, female infertility, menopause, PMS (low androgen picture) Side effects of Finastride hair loss drug Historically: spermatorrhea, gonorrhea, rental calculi, gout, uterine after parturition, cystitis, painful urination
82
Tribulus terrestris - Cautions
Cholestasis, celiac dz, fat malapsorption, deficiency of vitamins ADEK, some upper GI irritations, topically to open wounds AE: oral use may cause irritation of the gastric mucous membranes and reflux Preg B3, Lac CC
83
Trifolium pratense - actions
Anti-spasmodic anti-tussive anti-tumour estrogenic
84
Trifolium pratense - Indications
Menopause, PMS, Spasmodic coughs Other: acne, other skin eruptions, gout, arthritis, carcinomatous cachexia Topically: Inflammations of the skin
85
Trifolium pratense - Cautions
CI/Cautions: breast cancer (estrogen positive), endometrial proliferative conditions, bleeding disorders (coumarins) avoid in pregnancy (speculative) A/E: Dermatitis may occur from topical use Interactions: Anti-coagulants, ERT (speculative) several...
86
Trigonella foenum-graecum - actions
``` Hypoglycemic hyoplipidemic demulcent nutritive immunomod galactagogue AO Possibly antiadrogen, anxiolytic, AI, adaptogen, analgesic ```
87
Trigonella foenum graecum - Indications
``` DM Hyperlipidemia/hypercholesterolemia To support/stimulate lactation PMS Historical and Ayruvedic uses: Anorexia, dyspepsia, gastritis, convalescence, topically for wound health, tonic, labour induction, to stimulate lactation, IBD ```
88
Trigonella foenum graecum - Cautions
CI: pregnancy (without sufficient experience) Cautions: Cholestasis. Celiac dz, fat malapsorption, deficiency of vit ADEK, some upper GI irritations, topically to open wounds. Known allergy. Low thyroid function (high doses) 20 g day -T4 to T3 conversion inhibited AE: Rare. Mild GI upset (very high doses). Allergic reactions. Poss gastric mucous membrane irritation, reflux (saponins), anemia. Interactions: may inhibit iron absorption (may also contain iron)
89
Turnera diffusa - actions
nervine tonic, laxative (mild), aphrodesiac (historically) | Others: adaptogen, AO
90
Turnera diffusa - indications
``` Depression anxiety (when sexually related) Sexual inadequacy (impotence, frigidity) nervous dyspepsia constipation ```
91
Turnera diffusa - Cautions
Preg B2; Lac ND
92
Urtica dioica - actions
Leaf: anti-rheumatic, anti-allergic, depurative, anti-hemorrhagic, diuretic (mild), astringent, tonic, hypotensive (mild). Possible galactogogue, anti-androgen, AI, AO
93
Urtica dioica - indications
Leaf: uterine hemorrhage, epistaxis, cutaneous eruptions, rheumatic conditions PMS Root: BPH
94
Urtica dioica - cautions
CI: Known allergy (topical use or uprocessed dried leaves) Cautions: see s. repens A/E: urticaria (topically from leaf/root hairs) rarely GI irritatation Preg B2, Lac C
95
Viburnum opulus - actions
``` Anti-spasmodic sedative (mild) Astringent Hypotensive Vasodilator (peripheral) Others: AI, nervine tonic, analgesic ```
96
Viburnum opulus - Indications
Partus preparator, threatened miscarriage Dysmenorrhea (ovarian and uterine pain), menorrhagia, metrorrhagia (menopause) Spasmodic muscular cramps (i.e. intestines, airways etc) hypertension, PMS
97
Viburnum opulus - Cautions
CI: eating the berries (esp when raw and unripe) may cause GI upset A/E: high doses may cause NS depression (historical reports) Large doses and prolonged use may cause vertigo, disturbances in speech, movement dysnpea dry mouth
98
Viburnum prunifolium - actions
Uterine sedative, anti-spasmodic (Specific to bronchi, uterus), anti-asthmatic, hypotensive, astringent (less so than VO)
99
Viburnum prunifolium - Indications
Dysmenorrhea (spasmodic), false labour pains, threatened miscarriage, asthma Historically: nervous dysmenorrhea, u-congestion, cramping of any smooth muscle, persistent hiccups, nervous htn
100
Viburnum prunifolium - cautions
Cautions: pre-existing renal calculi AE: n&v (high doses) Interactions: anti-coagulants (speculative) Preg B2, lac C
101
Vitex agnus-castus - actions
``` Prolactin inhibitor dopaminergic agonist indirectly proestrogenic galactagogue other: AO, adaptogen (mild), anxiolytic (mild, analgesic (mild), anti-androgenic ```
102
Vitex agnus-castus - Indications
Menstrual cycle irregularities (d/t latent hyperprolactinemia) infertility, PMS, mastalgia Other: Insufficient lactation, to decrease libido (male), other gynecological concerns (i.e. endometriosis)
103
Vitex agnus-castus - Cautions
Cautions: avoid with progesterone drugs, OCP, HRT. May agg pure spasmodic dysmenorrhea (not associated with PMS) AE: mild - GI (esp N), skin conditionss (acne, pruritis, rashes) Other: headache, fatigue, hormone related symptoms
104
Withania somnifera - actions
``` Nervine tonic adaptogen sedative (mild) Anti-inflammatory immunomodulator anti-anemic ```
105
Withania somnifera - Indications
Healthy aging, general debility, senile debility (premature aging), aphrodisiac, nervous exhaustion, long term stress, hypothyroidism, OA (knees), PMS Traditionally used to treat failure to thrive in children M/b beneficial in cases of benzodiazepine and morphine w/...
106
Withania somnifera - Cautions
AE: very high doses - GI upset, diarrhea, vomiting (probs steroidal saponin) Interactions: may enhance effects of benzodiazepines Preg B1, Lac C

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