Reproductive Anatomy

Question 1

Components of male reproductive system

Answer 1

Paired testes = gamete production
Paired duct system (epididymis and deferent duct), urethra and accessory glands = duct system and transport media
Penis = delivery prepuce
Skin adaptations = prepuce and scrotum

Question 2

Structure of the testes

Answer 2

Smooth, solid, ellipsoid organ
Epididymis = coiled portion of external duct system
Each testis separately suspended in scrotum by spermatic cord (deferent duct, vessels and nerves covered by peritoneum)

Question 3

Tissue types in testicular parenchyma

Answer 3

Seminiferous tubules (produce spermatozoa)
Interstitial tissue (tissue produce testosterone in Leydig cells)
Connective tissue for structural support

Question 4

Features of seminiferous tubules

Answer 4

Where spermatogenic cells replicate and develop into spermatozoa. Two cell types - supporting cells (sertoli cells which provide nourishment and spermatogenic cells which undergo meiosis and develop into mature spermatozoa)

Question 5

Passage of spermatozoa to external environment

Answer 5

Testis - efferent ductules - epididymal duct (head to tail) - ductus deferens - urethra - ejaculation

Question 6

Describe process of testicular descent

Answer 6

Testes initially develop near the kidney and descend to external position soon before or after birth. Pass through inguinal canal and space in abdominal wall.

Question 7

Purpose of the spermatic cord

Answer 7

Suspends each testis from abdomen and direct connection to abdominal cavity

Question 8

Contents of the spermatic cord

Answer 8

Arteries and veins
Lymphatic vessels
Sympathetic nerve fibres
Cremaster muscle
Ductus deferens
Connective tissue
Surrounding peritoneum

Question 9

Features of the prostate

Answer 9

Accessory sex gland
Generally larger in intact animals and increase in size with age
Shrinks in castrated animals
Ducts from prostate open into urethra

Question 10

The four accessory sex glands

Answer 10

A Very Proud Boy
Ampullary glands
Vesicular glands
Prostate
Bulbourethral glands

Question 11

Features of the prostate

Answer 11

Compound (body) and diffuse (disseminate) parts
Thick connective tissue capsule
Relative proportion of each varies between species

Question 12

Stallion accessory glands

Answer 12

Extensive ampulla
Vesicular glands
Well defined prostate body and reduced disseminate
Large bulbourethral glands

Question 13

Bull accessory glands

Answer 13

Extensive ampullary glands
Vesicular glands
Small prostate body and extensive disseminate
Small bulbourethral glands

Question 14

Boar accessory glands

Answer 14

Very little ampulla tissue
Vesicular glands
Small prostate body and extensive disseminate
Large bulbourethral glands

Question 15

Dog accessory glands

Answer 15

Ampullary glands
No vesicular glands
Well defined prostate body and reduce disseminate
No bulbourethral glands

Question 16

What is the root of the penis composed of?

Answer 16

Firmly affixed to pelvis via legs (crura)

Muscular and erectile tissue

Question 17

What is the body of the penis composed of?

Answer 17

Erectile tissue

Question 18

What is the apex of the penis composed of?

Answer 18

Erectile tissue and bone in dog (os penis)

Question 19

Features of a musculocavernous (vascular) penis

Answer 19

Extensive cavernous spaces
Connective tissue capsule contains smooth muscle
Increased diameter and length on erection

Question 20

Features of a fibroelastic penis

Answer 20

Limited cavernous spaces
Thick connective tissue capsule with no smooth muscle
Increase in rigidity but not length or diameter
Sigmoid flexure in penis
Increase in APPARENT length of penis

Question 21

Two layers of the prepuce

Answer 21

Internal lamina
External lamina (hairy)

Question 22

Cervix marks the junction of…

Answer 22

Junction between uterus and vagina. Highly muscular.

Question 23

Funnel-shaped organ covering ovaries?

Answer 23

Infundibulum

Question 24

Animals with monovular ovaries?

Answer 24

Cow, Horse

Question 25

Animals with polyovular ovaries?

Answer 25

Sow

Question 26

Layers of the genital tract

Answer 26

Mucosal tunic - inner layer Muscular tunic - middle tunic Serosal (adventitial) layer - outer tunic

Question 27

Composition of the mucosal tunic (inner tunic)?

Answer 27

Longitudinal folds in oviduct and non-gravid uterus

Question 28

Composition of the muscular tunic (middle tunic)?

Answer 28

Two muscle layers, inner circular and outer longitudinal layer Separated by highly vascular layer

Question 29

Composition of the serosal (adventitial) layer - outer tunic?

Answer 29

Composed of peritoneum, covering surface of oviduct, uterus and part of vagina

Question 30

Features of the infundibulum?

Answer 30

Thin-walled funnel cranial extremity of the oviduct, free-edge of funnel ragged and comes into contact with ovary, captures ovum

Question 31

Features of the oviduct

Answer 31

Narrow and flexuous tube Fertilisation occurs in oviduct Joins apex of horn of uterus at uterotubual junction

Question 32

Shape of uterus in domestic species?

Answer 32

Y-shaped (bicornucate) with paired uterine horns

Question 33

Two layers of the uterus

Answer 33

Endometrium (mucosal layer) - uterine glands present which provide nourishment for embryo Myometrium (fibromuscular layer)

Question 34

What are caruncles?

Answer 34

Permanent elevations in uterus marking sites of embryonic attachment

Question 35

What is the fornix?

Answer 35

Ringlike space where the cervix intrudes into the vagina

Question 36

Boundaries of the vagina?

Answer 36

Cervix to the entrance of the urethra (urethral orifice)

Question 37

Boundaries of the vestibule?

Answer 37

Urethral orifice to external vulva. Dorsally bound by connective tissue to rectum. Ventrally bound to urethra. Distensible in length and width.

Question 38

Peritoneal investments and attachments?

Answer 38

Genital system suspended from dorsolateral wall by paired broad ligaments

Question 39

Foetal component of the placenta

Answer 39

Chorion

Question 40

Maternal component of the placenta derived from?

Answer 40

Maternal endometrium

Question 41

Role of the placenta

Answer 41

Provides metabolic requirements of foetus Removes waste Prevents mixing of foetal and maternal blod Hormone production

Question 42

Outer uterine cavity

Answer 42

Allantoic cavity

Question 43

Inner uterine cavity

Answer 43

Amniotic cavity

Question 44

What are caruncles?

Answer 44

Uterine elevations of endometrial surface. Constant in number. Increase in size as pregnancy progresses.

Question 45

Caruncle + Cotyledon =

Answer 45

Placentome

Question 46

Mammary gland consists of...

Answer 46

Glandular tissue (parenchyma) Fatty infiltrates Fibrous tissue framework