Reproductive Behavior Flashcards
(36 cards)
The behaviors exhibited by females toward males that stimulate the male to copulate or that reinitiate sexual behavior after copulation is called
A) Attractivity
B) Proceptivity
C) Receptivity
D) None of these
B)
All of the following are typically male-specific reproductive behaviors except ________.
A) Erection
B) Ejaculation
C) Intromission
D) Lordosis
D) Lordosis
All of the following are correctly matched except _________.
A) Auditory: long-range signal
B) Visual: long-range signal
C) Olfactory: close encounter
D) Tactile: close encounter
B)
All of the following about pheromones are correct except __________ and _________.
A) Pheromones are volatile substances
B) Pheromones are released into the blood by an organism
C) Pheromones are detected by the olfactory system
D) Pheromones cannot be detected by the vomeronasal organ
E) Pheromones facilitate close range investigative behavior
F) Play a crucial role in mate finding and other interactions among animals
B and D
________ and _________ produce large volume of semen compared to others.
A) Bull
B) Ram
C) Buck
D) Stallion
E) Boar
F) Tomcat
D and E
The major steps in sexual preparation resulting in transport of spermatozoa from the tail of epididymis into the pelvic urethra are correctly listed except __________ and _________.
A) Sensory stimulation
B) Stimulation of hypothalamic neurons
C) Release of oxytocin
D) Transport of sperm into an ejaculatory position
E) Contractions of smooth muscle in the epididymis and ductus deferens
F) Mixing of the sperm with seminal plasma
D and E need to be switched
True or false: Testicular testosterone produced during a critical perinatal period masculinizes and defeminizes the male brain.
True
True or false: Ovariectomized females display no estrous behavior.
True
True or false: Introduction of novel females and a change of locations has a positive effect on mounting behavior of male animals.
True
True or false: Boar is a short copulator
False
True or false: The lack of testosterone during fetal development leads to the feminization of the brain.
True
Match the chemical to its role:
A) Androstenone
B) Sildenafil
C) Nitric oxide
D) Oxytocin
E) Gonadal steroids
1) Reproductive behavior
2) Vasodilation
3) Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 5 inhibitor
4) Boar pheromone
5) Sperm transport
1) E
2) C
3) B
4) A
5) D
What is the purpose of reproductive behavior?
To promote the opportunity for copulation and thus increase the probability that the sperm and egg will meet
What is the goal of copulation?
Pregnancy, successful embryogenesis, and parturition
How is reproductive behavior programmed in females and males during prenatal development?
Female: feminization of the brain because alpha-fetoprotein prevents estradiol from entering the brain.
Male: Testosterone does not bind with alpha-fetoprotein and thus enters into the brain and is converted to estradiol, which causes defeminization and masculinization of the brain
What body system is reproductive behavior controlled by?
Central nervous system
What reproductive behaviors are caused by testosterone in males?
Mounting, erection, and ejaculation
What reproductive behaviors are caused by estradiol in females?
Increased locomotion, crouching, and lordosis
What happened in Berthold’s classic study?
Castration of a chick resulted in caponization (small comb and wattles, no interest in females, and no aggression toward other males). Castration and either reimplantation or transplantation of testis resulting in normal male development.
What is attractivity?
Behaviors and other signals in females that serve to attract males: postures; vocalizations (mare and ewe are silent); chemical cues (releasing pheromones through urine and vaginal secretion); behaviors (male seeking and increased locomotion)
What is proceptivity?
Behaviors exhibited by females toward males that stimulate the male to copulate or that reinitiate sexual behavior after copulation (head butting of the male, mounting the male, female-female mounting)
What is receptivity?
The copulatory behavior of females that ensures insemination. Characterized by distinct behavior and mating posture (lordosis), tail deviation, or backing-up toward the male
What is the precopulatory stage?
Search/identification of sexual partner; involves auditory (long-range), visual (short-range), olfactory (close encounter), and tactile (close encounter/final stimulus)
What are pheromones?
A chemical or mixture of chemicals that is released to the exterior by an organism that causes one or more specific reactions in a receiving individual of the same species. Play a crucial role in mate finding and other interactions among animals. Detected by the olfactory system (vomeronasal organ). Urine, sweat, saliva, and glandular secretions contain natural product blends that vary with species, sex, age, genotype, and endocrine state.
