Reproductive Drugs

Question 1

Primary Oocytes

Answer 1

Arrested in prophase I

Question 2

LH

Answer 2

Causes follicular rupture, ovulation and resumption of meiosis to metaphase II

Question 3

inhibin

Answer 3

produced by granulosa cells(of follicle) inhibits FSH secretion, but not LH

Question 4

FSH

Answer 4

Leads to follicular growth and Estradiol secretion, stimulated by GNRH

Question 5

LH

Answer 5

stimulated by GnRH, leads to ovulation, and acts on Leydig cells in males to produce testosterone.

Question 6

Follicular phase

Answer 6

phase of building up the follicle prior to ovulation, days 1-14

Question 7

Luteal phase

Answer 7

corpus luteum after ovulation, days 15-28

Question 8

Contractions in pregnancy

Answer 8

inhibited by progesterone, estrogen increases oxytocin receptors, prostaglandins cause uterine contraction

Question 9

Oxytocin

Answer 9

Produced in the posterior pituitary, causes smooth muscle contraction, and milk ejection

Question 10

Prolactin

Answer 10

Causes maintenance of lactation. inhibited by dopamine

Question 11

Clomiphene Citrate

Answer 11

Estrogen antagonist which induces GnRH release causing FSH, LH secretion to cause folliculogenesis. Selective estrogen receptor modulator. Used for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
AE: multiple fetuses, hot flashes, ovarian hyperstimulation

Question 12

Menotropins

Answer 12

injected, increases FSH and LH activity, causing ovulation

Question 13

Urofolitropin

Answer 13

Injected, increases FSH activity

Question 14

Leuprolide

Answer 14

Synthetic GnRH, nonpulsatile administration, suppresses FSH and LH after a transient rise. paired with clomiphene to stimulate follicle production

Question 15

Ganirelix

Answer 15

GnRH antagonist, suppreses release, prevents LH surge, used in prosate and breast cancer to inhibit steroid production, no transient increase in LH and FSH.

Question 16

Natural Estrogens

Answer 16

17 B estradiol, estrone, Estriol. Development, growth, of sex accessory tissue, regulator of the HP Ovarian axis maintaining the menstral cycle. Causes sodium and water retention, increased HDL, decreased LDL

Question 17

Ethiyl estradiol

Answer 17

Orally active estrogen, used in combination with progestins, interferes with LH surge and ovulation.

Question 18

Tamoxifen

Answer 18

Estrogen Antagonist in most tissues, but agonist in uterus, bone, lipoproteins
AE: N/V rash, hot flashes, thromboembolic events, endometrial cancer

Question 19

Raloxifene

Answer 19

Estrogen receptor agonist in bone, antagonist in breast and uterus: used for ER+ breast cancer treatment and prevention

Question 20

Toremifene

Answer 20

Estrogen antagonist in breast, used for breast cancer treatment, No effect in bone, agonist in uterus.

Question 21

SERD

Answer 21

Selective Estrogen Receptor Down Regulator

Question 22

Fulvestrant

Answer 22

Pure estrogen Antagonist, IM injectioin, used for ER+ breast cancer,
AE: GI disturbances, hot flashes, thromboembolism

Question 23

Aromatase Inhibitors

Answer 23

Steroidal/nonsteroidal,

reversible/ nonreversible

Question 24

Anastrozole

Answer 24

Nonsteroidal, reversible Aromatase inhibitor

Question 25

Letrozole

Answer 25

Nonsteroidal, reversible aromatase inhibitor

Question 26

Exemestane

Answer 26

Steroidal, nonreversible aromatase Inhibitor

Question 27

Medroxyprogesterone

Answer 27

Synthetic progesterone used in oral contraceptives, prevents ovulation

Question 28

Norethindrone

Answer 28

Synthetic progesterone used in oral contraceptives, prevents ovulation

Question 29

Levonorgestrel

Answer 29

Plan B Progestin Synthetic progesterone used in oral contraceptives, prevents ovulation. More potent

Question 30

Mifepristone

Answer 30

weak anti-Progesterone used as emergency contraception, preventing ovulation. larger doses acts as an abortefacient when combined with misoprostol. Interferes with ovulation

Question 31

Ulipristal Acetate

Answer 31

Progesterone antagonist used as emergency contraception up to 5 days later,and as an abortefacient. Prevents or Delays ovulation